1. 10/11/2018
310HRM
Models of Change
These materials cover two-two hour sessions. The aim is for the students to do most of the work.
Cover slides 1-3
Explain Kurt Lewins Force Field analysis and give organisational examples of its application-they will need to understand and use this for the Galley Cafeteria case study
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2. Learning Outcomes Outline a number of change management models
Develop a critically analytical appreciation of the strengths and weaknesses of the models
Analyse Debenhams Case study for Coursework 2
Apply change management models to the case study and make recommendations for effective change management

3. David Buchanan
According to David Buchanan, managing change in organisations is bit like elephants mating:
It happens high above the ground
There’s lots of trumpeting and flailing around
It’s a long time before you see any results

4. quasi-stationary equilibrium
10/11/2018
Force Field Analysis
Driving Forces Restraining Forces
Stable
quasi-stationary equilibrium
Explain that there have been a number of models developed in the context of change management
Explain Kurt Lewin’s Force field analysis as tool for exploring the need for change-so students can use and apply it to Galley Cafeteria case study
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5. Working in your ALS carry out a Force Field Analysis of Debenhams clearly identifying the forces for and against the change. Be prepared to discuss your answers with the rest of the class in 15 mins.

6. Lewin’s Model of Change
Kurt Lewin was one of the earlier writers about change management and developed one of the first change management models
He viewed the change process consisting of three stages

7. Lewin’s classic change model
Moving
Recognition of need for change
Acceptance of change by majority
Refreezing
New norms established
New ways of doing things
Unfreezing
Unlearning stage
Crisis Stage

8. Stage 1
Unfreezing
Involves creating a level of dissatisfaction with the status quo
This creates conditions for change to be implemented

9. Stage 2 Moving/Changing
Requires organising and mobilising the resources required to bring about the change

10. 10/11/2018
Stage 3
Re-freezing
Involves embedding the new ways of working into the organisations
Explain to the students that subsequent models of change are broadly based on Lewin’s early model
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11. Beer’s Six-Step Process
Mobilise commitment to change through joint diagnosis
Develop a shared vision of how to organise
Foster consensus, competence & commitment
Spread the word about the change
Institutionalise the change through formal policies
Monitor and adjust as needed

12. Kotter’s Eight Steps for Change
Establish a sense of urgency
Form a powerful and guiding coalition
Create a vision
Communicate the vision
Empower others to act on the vision
Plan for and create short term wins
Consolidate improvements and produce still more change
Institutionalise new approaches

13. Galpin’s Wheel Proposed a model based on 9 wedges that form a wheel
Stressed the importance of understanding organisational culture

14. Galpin’s 9 Wedge Wheel Establishing the need to change
Developing and disseminating a vision of planned change
Diagnosing and analysing the current situation
Generating recommendations
Detailing recommendations for rollout
Pilot testing recommendations
Preparing the recommendations for rollout
Rolling out the recommendations
Measuring, reinforcing and refining the change

15. Activity 2
A number of models have been developed in later times and have been loosely based on Lewin’s earlier model
Examine Beer’s 6, Burton’s 7 Kotter’s 8 step model and Galpin’s Wheel
Compare and contrast the models
Which steps align with Lewin’s three stage model
What are the strengths and weaknesses of these models
Be ready to share your ideas with the class in 20 minutes
Which change model would you use for the cw case study and why?

16. The Stages of Psychological Reaction/Personal Transition Phases
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The Stages of Psychological Reaction/Personal Transition Phases
Mood
Internalisation
Reflection and
Learning
Denial
Consolidation
Anger
Shock
Testing
Letting go
Acceptance of reality
Depression
Explain the grief and why people may not like change
Time
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17. 10/11/2018
ALS-Coursework Focus
In your ALS discuss your understanding of what CW 2 and prepare a plan
Be prepared to share these plans with the rest of the class in 20 minutes
Consider how you would change your plans now that you have seen the rest of the ALS plans
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18. Further reading-This will help with CW 2
Read The following:
Lewin, K. “The planned Approach to Change: A Re-appraisal” Journal Of Management Studies 41:6 September available on Moodle to develop your critical appraisal of models of change
Beer. M, Eisenstat. R, Spector, B. “Why change Programs Don’t Produce Change” Harvard Business Review November-December 1990
available on Moodle to develop your critical appraisal of models of change

19. Coursework Marking Criteria
10/11/2018
Coursework Marking Criteria
Identify the issues within the context of the question (10%)
Apply research skills to examine and analyse the literature appropriate to the issues (30%)
Discuss the implications of the analysis, supported by practical examples (35%)
Frame appropriate conclusions and recommendations based upon the research, analysis and understanding of the assignment. (15%)
Support your arguments through approved academic referencing (10%)
Highlight to the students that critical analysis, good referencing, evidenced based writing will get them good marks.
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20. Further Reading
Chapter 18-Buchanan, D. A and Huczynski, A. 7th Ed “ Organisational Behaviour” 2010 Prentice Hall