1. Earth Systems #2

2. Components of Earth Science
Geology
I. Study of Earth
Meteorology
I. Study of the weather and climate
Oceanography
I. Study of the oceans
Astronomy
I. Study of the universe

3. Earth Earth is a part of the universe that can be studied separately.
Earth is essentially a closed system
overall we are not gaining or losing matter.
Matter is moving within the systems.

4. Earth is powered by two energy sources:
1. SUN
Main source of energy that drives the earth’s external process that occur in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and earths surface.

5. 2. Earth’s Interior
- Radioactive decay releases heat gravity and pressure causes heat Heat is released from radioactive elements These sources power the interior process that produce volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountains

6. 4 major Spheres Atmosphere Geosphere Hydrosphere Biosphere air
Crust, mantle and core
Hydrosphere
water
Biosphere
The living part of Earth

7. Atmosphere Gaseous environment surrounding the planet Consists of …
78.08% Nitrogen
20.95% Oxygen

8. Geosphere The Earth itself Includes Rocks Mountains Beaches
Ocean Basins

9. Hydrosphere
All the water in the Earths systems
97.2% salt water

10. The remaining water is freshwater located in…
Glaciers and ice sheets (2.16%)
The remaining 0.64% is located in…
Ground water
Lakes
Soil moisture
Water vapor
River water

11. Biosphere All the living things on the planet
Humans have had the largest impact on the other spheres, i.e.…
Pollution
Deforestation
Drilling
Greenhouse effect
Desertification
Reduction in species

12. Interactions
Changes in one system affect other Earth systems.

13. Atmosphere Volcanism releases sulfur dioxide cooling the climate
Burning of fossil fuels

14. Hydrosphere Rain causes erosion on the Geosphere
Runoff carries element and contaminates into the ocean which can effect the biosphere

15. Human Impact on Biosphere
How deforestation effects…
Hydrosphere
Increased runoff, tributaries, river flow
Atmosphere
Increased CO2
Geosphere
Increased weathering & erosion
Biosphere
Decreased habitat & biodiversity
Deforestation
2 types
Slash-and-burn
Clear-cutting

16. Human Impact on Atmosphere
Greenhouse effect
Traps heat
Needed to heat planet
Raises temp by 53ºF
Increased by 1ºF since 1950
Decreased by 1 ºF in 2007
6 Greenhouse gases
Water vapor
90%
Carbon Dioxide
Fossil fuels
Methane
Livestock & rice cultivation
Ozone
Factory and vehicle emissions
Nitrous Oxide
Fertilizers & sewage
Fluorocarbons
CFC & HFC