1. Cartilage, Bone, and Blood

2. Connective Tissue Slide 3.53 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Found everywhere in the body  Includes the most abundant and widely distributed tissues  Functions  Binds body tissues together  Supports the body  Provides protection

3. Connective Tissue Characteristics Slide 3.54 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Variations in blood supply  Some tissue types are well vascularized  Some have poor blood supply or are avascular  Ligaments, tendons, cartilage  Extracellular matrix  Non-living material that surrounds living cells

4. Extracellular Matrix Slide 3.55 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Two main elements #1. Ground substance – mostly water along with adhesion proteins and polysaccharide molecules  Adhesion proteins: attach cells to fibers  Polysaccharide molecules: trap water. Relative amount determines fluidity of tissue.

5. Extracellular Matrix Slide 3.55 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Two main elements #2. Fibers  Produced by the connective tissue cells. (Cells that produce these fibers are called fibroblasts.)  Three types  Collagen fibers  Elastic fibers  Reticular fibers

6. Extracellular Matrix EM helps connective tissue – Stretch – Cushion, protect organs – Withstand abrasion – Bind tissues together FatBone -Soft matrix- Hard matrix -Many cells- Few cells Less Fluid

7. Connective Tissue Types Slide 3.56 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Differ in number and type of fibers  There are 5 types  Bone  Cartilage  Dense  Loose  Blood

8. Connective Tissue Types Slide 3.56 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Bone (osseous tissue)  Composed of:  Hard (mineralized) matrix of calcium salts  Large numbers of collagen fibers

9. Anatomy of Osseous Tissue

10. The osteon is the structural subunit of bones. An osteon looks like the spokes of a wheel, with a haversian canal in the center. Blood vessels run through the canal and canaliculi (minute tunnels) transport materials from canal to osteocytes to promote fast healing. Cells are in a collagen and calcium matrix containing cavities called lacunae. Each cavity (lacuna) contains one osteocyte (bone cell).

11. Connective Tissue Types: Cartilage Slide 3.58a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Cartilage is flexible, allowing movement of the joints.  Made up of cells called chondrocytes, which are located in lacunae.  Three types: Elastic, Hyaline, Fibrocartilage  Elastic cartilage  Provides elasticity  Example: supports the external ear  Makes up epiglottis

12. Connective Tissue Types: Cartilage Slide 3.57 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Hyaline cartilage  Most common cartilage  Composed of:  Abundant collagen fibers  Rubbery matrix  Entire fetal skeleton is hyaline cartilage  Attaches ribs to breastbone Figure 3.18b

13. Connective Tissue Types Slide 3.58b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Fibrocartilage  Highly compressible, very tough  Example: forms cushion-like discs between vertebrae Figure 3.18c

14. Connective Tissue Types Slide 3.59 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Dense connective tissue  Has few cells called fibroblasts  Main matrix element is closely packed collagen fibers  Examples  Tendon – attach muscle to bone  Ligaments – attach bone to bone Figure 3.18d Poor blood supply = slow healing from injuries.

15. Connective Tissue Types: Loose Slide 3.60 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Loose Connective Tissue  Soft  More cells and fewer fibers than dense CT  3 types: Areolar, Adipose, Reticular Figure 3.18e

16. Connective Tissue Types: Loose Slide 3.60 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Areolar connective tissue  Most widely distributed connective tissue  Soft, pliable tissue  Contains all fiber types  Can soak up excess fluid Figure 3.18e

17. Connective Tissue Types: Loose Slide 3.61 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Adipose tissue  Made up of adipocytes (fat cells)  Matrix is an areolar tissue  Many cells contain large lipid deposits  Functions  Insulates the body  Protects some organs  Serves as a site of fuel storage Figure 3.18f

18. Connective Tissue Types: Loose Slide 3.62 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Reticular connective tissue  Delicate network of interwoven fibers  Produces some immune cells  Forms stroma (internal supporting network) of lymphoid organs  Lymph nodes  Spleen  Bone marrow Figure 3.18g

19. Connective Tissue Types: Blood Slide 3.63 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Blood  Blood cells surrounded by fluid matrix  Fibers are visible during clotting  Functions as the transport vehicle for materials Figure 3.18h