1. Jim Crow & Plessy V. Ferguson
“The slave went free, stood a brief moment in the sun; then moved back again toward slavery.” -- W.E.B Du Bois
Three People Dancing Around Sun
Image: © Images.com/CORBIS
Creator Name: Bob Commander

2. After the Civil War:
Blacks make political and civil gains…
13th Amendment - gave 4.3 million slaves their freedom
14th Amendment - African Americans given citizenship
15th Amendment - African American men given right to vote

3. Most white Southerners resented the new rights of African Americans
But…
Most white Southerners resented the new rights of African Americans
White Southerners chipped away at African Americans rights

4. African Americans Lost Economic Power
40 Acres & a Mule - After slavery, many African Americans thought they would get this, but didn’t
Sharecropping - Instead work on land owned by whites & share profits from crops

5. African Americans Lost Political Power
Poll Tax - had to pay to vote
Literacy Test - Had to read to vote
Grandfather Clause - Could get around 1st 2 if your grandfather could vote

6. Quickwrite:
Which do you think was a more significant loss, political or economic power? Explain.

7. began as customs (de facto), but ended up as laws (de jure)
Jim Crow Laws
What is it?
Segregation
began as customs (de facto), but ended up as laws (de jure)
Named after “Jim Crow” song & dance

8. What parts of society were segregated?
Schools, cemeteries, courts, hospitals, mental institutions, orphanages, prisons, & Bibles to swear on in trials
Segregated Drinking Fountains

9. Plessy vs. Ferguson:
What? Homer Plessey tried to sit in a whites-only train car
How did the Supreme Court Rule? Segregation is ok as long as the facilities are equal
“Separate But Equal”

10. Problem: Example: Whites would never fund black schools equally
Separate But Equal is Never Equal
Example: Whites would never fund black schools equally
Goes against 14th Amendment

14. Quickwrite:
Do you think the Plessy V. Ferguson ruling led to an increase in the amount of Jim Crow laws in the South? Why? Why not?

15. Jim Crow Violence:
How else did Southern Whites enforce Jim Crow?
Ku Klux Klan - secret terrorist society that beat, raped, and murdered African Americans

16. How else did Southern Whites enforce Jim Crow?
Lynching - a mob puts someone to death without a trial
Between nearly 5000 blacks were lynched
Why?
“incorrect behavior”
economic competition between blacks and whites

17. Jim Crow & Segregation:
How did African Americans resist?
Spoke out against discrimination
Organized boycotts of segregated facilities
Tried to improve segregated facilities
Segregated School

18. WWII jumpstarted the Civil Rights movement in the US
When did it end?
WWII jumpstarted the Civil Rights movement in the US
1954 Brown V. Board of Education declared segregation in schools illegal
Man removes segregation sign 1956

19. 2 students enter a school. One is confined to a wheelchair.
Quickwrite:
Is there ever a time when separate treatment IS equal treatment? Consider:
2 students enter a school. One is confined to a wheelchair.
12th graders must pass Algebra in order to graduate. One student has a disability in math.

20. Quickwrite:
Name some situations today where you believe a certain group of people is NOT being treated equally. It could be a certain ethnic group, one of the genders, an age group, a career area, a religious affiliation, an interest group, etc… After you have listed several, state your ideas on how to make things more equal for the groups you mentioned.