1. Intelligent Middle Mile for Smarter Cities
Mountain Connect Broadband Development Conference
Daniele Loffreda
Senior Advisor, State & Local Government and Education

2. Intelligent Middle-Mile Networks for Smarter Communities
Agenda 1
Importance of middle mile networks in smart communities 2
Evolution of Smart Communities 3
Transformative technologies impacting smart communities and middle mile customers 4
Network impacts and key components of middle mile networks 5
Evolution towards “intelligent adaptive networks” to attract and retain customers 6
Key takeaways

3. “Talk of “smart cities” seems ubiquitous these days, plus communities are experiencing pressure to prepare for a future that promises autonomous vehicles and fully connected infrastructure. High-speed networks are critical to the success of these new and forthcoming technological innovations” - National League of Cities

4. Wireless networking is going to play an instrumental role in smart cities
Beyond wireless systems, you also need to create a middle-mile network within your smart community ecosystem High-bandwidth links between different locations serve as conduits for shorter runs to traffic lights, municipal buildings, surveillance cameras and businesses

5. Smart City Evolution Smart City 1.0 Smart City 3.0 Smart City 2.0
Sensors & Devices
“Top-Down” Design
Agency & Application-Specific
Smart City 3.0
Collaborative Development
Citizen & Enterprise
“Sensors”
Equity & Inclusivity
City to Community
Smart City 2.0
Citizen Centric Design
Crowdsourcing & Hackathons
Cross-Agency Collaboration

6. Adaptable Connectivity,
Technology innovations impact every target segment of middle-mile networks
Fusing the physical, digital and biological worlds 
Artificial
Intelligence
Adaptable Connectivity,
Compute & Storage
Big Data
Edge
Computing
Internet
of Things
Biotechnology
Public Cloud
Robotics
Blockchain

7. Telehealth & Robotic Surgery
Technology Innovation Examples – Middle Mile Network Target Customers
Biometrics & Wearables
Telehealth & Robotic Surgery
AI-Enabled Diagnosis
Healthcare
AI-Based Investment
“Virtual” Branch Banking
“Smart” Insurance
Financial Services
“Virtual” Celebrity
AI-Curated Audiences
Video streaming/edge caching
Media & Entertainment
AI-Enabled Engagement
Autonomous Vehicles
Connected Devices
Government

8. Network Implications “It’s not smart if it’s not connected”
Ritch Dusome, CEO,
Canada’s Centre of Excellence in Next In Generation Networks

9. Operational Efficiency Product Personalization Market Differentiation
Smart Communities highly dependent on ability of the Middle Mile to adapt
Requirements for
Smart Communities 3.0
Supporting
Technology
Network
Requirement
Operational Efficiency
Internet
of Things
Openness
Scalability
Product Personalization
Artificial
Intelligence
Intent Based
Market Differentiation
Edge
Computing
Security
Multiple Data Sources, Many Distances Diverse Latency Tolerances Varying QoS Requirements Bandwidth Intensities
Service Agility
Big
Data
Low Latency
Quality of Experience On
Demand
Public
Cloud
Citizens and businesses are both creators and consumers of content, using millions of devices that require dynamic bandwidth and access

10. Key elements of a Middle Mile Network
NOC
Dark Fiber
software
orchestration,
control,
management
Leadership
mostly regional partners
(construction as needed)
Captures needs of all
stakeholders
Manages to objectives
Communicates
Customers
Data
Centers
access to backbone
via packet-optical
services
interconnected to
form backbone
… the most successful ones had a driver with the ability to execute on the defined outcomes.” Ira Levy, CIO Howard County

11. Who Should Operate Middle Mile Network?
Governments seek the optimal balance between three interwoven issues
Risk
Benefit
Control
“Traditional”
Governments prefer to focus on the “middle mile”
Image: KCNA, Kentuckywired
Fees
“Emerging”
Source: Roanoke Valley Broadband Authority, Fiber Infrastructure for the 21st Century

12. Governments have a range of potential Public Private Partnership (P3) models
Public Facilitation of Private Investment
Public Funding and Private Execution
Shared Investment and Risk
Government and Partner find hybrid ways to share risks, costs and benefits
Allocate capital and operating risk, ideally targeted to their respective strengths
Examples: Urbana/Champaign, IL, Lincoln, NE
Government provides funding and/or act as project “guarantor”
Governments grants long-term “concession” to partner
Partner provides design, construction, operations and maintenance
Example: Kentuckywired, Huntsville
Partner owns and operates the network
Governments “facilitates” build out
Tax benefits and incentives
“Dig Once” and “Make Ready” statutes
Access to Public Rights of Way, conduits and agency fiber
Streamlined permitting and approval processes
Examples: Mesa, AZ, Holly Springs, NC
. Governments encourage new private investment through economic development incentives and other measures to reduce costs for private sector infrastructure
Deployment
These include access to towers, sides
and rooftops of buildings, private easements, distributed antenna system (DAS)/small cell sites, wetlands,
historical or other protected properties, environmental issues, and much more
As of the current writing, localities as varied in size and location as Pikeville,
Kentucky; Topeka and Shawnee County, Kansas; and San Francisco, California, are
exploring the viability of this business model for deploying FTTP.
Alternatively, the partnership could be structured such that the private partner’s revenue stream derives from end-user payments (service fees for data, voice, and
video services, paid by network customers), with a minimum revenue guarantee by the locality such that any shortfall in projected revenues would be made up by the locality. Hybrid arrangements are also possible, in which the private partner’s payments are funded partially through a public tax or fee and partially through
end user fees for services. In any event, the private partner is unlikely to assume all or most of the demand and revenue risk in a P3 arrangement.
To offset public risk in this regard, P3 arrangements also frequently include provision for revenue sharing in the event that network revenues exceed the minimum amounts guaranteed to the private partner While the field is quick
ly developing and constantly changing, a range of companies
have emerged so far with fully-articulated business models and business propositions
for localities: InSite Capital, Macquarie Capital, SiFi Networks, Fujitsu, and Symmetrical Networks

13. Insights from Ciena Middle Mile Projects
At Ciena, we understand this. Our customers are running some of the biggest businesses in the world and they want expert help – help that understands the pressure they are under.
After all, we have been building the biggest and best transport networks in the world for 25 years – and we have been doing this in partnership with our customers. When we released the first virtual control plane back in 2008, we quickly realized customers do not want a fully automated network. They want a network that they can control – and they want to automate over time. They are looking for ways to decrease errors – and automation can help. They are looking for ways to increase service responsiveness – and automation can help. They are looking for ways to meet exponential demand from users and devices – and automation can help. But most of all, they still need to maintain control. They need a network that adapts to their customers’ demands – and their own requirements.

14. - Chris Merdon, CIO, Howard County
Ciena Middle Mile Example: Maryland Inter-County Broadband Network
800 mile fiber network across Maryland
An optical ring configuration based on 40G wavelengths managed by separate public entity
Connects 80 county locations and over 1K anchor institutions, with points of presence close to 71K local businesses and 1M households
Provides dark-fiber capacity and managed services to ISP’s, anchor institutions and enterprise customers
Estimated to save over $30M and provide up to 2K jobs
Serves as foundational infrastructure for “A Smarter Baltimore” program
“The ICBN not only makes super-fast network services affordable for our customers, it also forces other service providers to re-evaluate their own pricing strategies, and the effect will be falling bandwidth costs over all providers “
- Chris Merdon, CIO, Howard County

15. Ciena Middle Mile Example: Open Cape Regional Broadband Network
500 mile fiber network across SE Massachusetts
100G optical middle mile network operated by separate non-profit company
Connects approximately 70 anchor institutions, 15 town network hubs, and six research institutions
Offers Internet Access, Data Center Hosting, Dark Fiber and Managed Services to ISP’s, Government, Healthcare, Education and Enterprise customers
“Envision a future where widespread reliable network coverage is the cornerstone of commerce; when new economic centers and remote offices are developed… where tele-health applications connect seniors to their healthcare providers.  Imagine endless opportunities for students This is OpenCape”
. 100 Gigabit, end-to-end fiber optic network to span our entire region. It now covers 475 fiber miles with direct connections to the world in Boston, Brockton and Providence RI
The Cape Cod Technology Council, Cape Cod Community College and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) led the charge to set up an organization with local staff to find a solution and, most important, make the network a reality.
Barnstable County Commission manages the Regional Area Network (RAN) on behalf of OpenCape. T
Non-profit OpenCape owns, on behalf of the region, all of the physical assets that comprise the network, and receives a portion of the profits CapeNet and other licensees receive from selling services on the network.

16. Ciena Middle Mile Example: DC Community Access Network (DC CAN)
500 mile public-safety grade metro fiber network
100G optical core with 10GigE distribution network operated by the DC Office of Chief Technology Officer
Connects approximately 70 anchor institutions, 15 town network hubs, and six research institutions
Offers Internet Access, Data Center Hosting, Wave, Ethernet and VoIP Services to government agencies, anchor institutions
Provides high-speed points of interconnection last mile service providers to deliver affordable broadband access to residents and businesses in underserved areas
Serves as foundational infrastructure for “Smart DC” initiative
. 100 Gigabit, end-to-end fiber optic network to span our entire region. It now covers 475 fiber miles with direct connections to the world in Boston, Brockton and Providence RI
The Cape Cod Technology Council, Cape Cod Community College and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) led the charge to set up an organization with local staff to find a solution and, most important, make the network a reality.
Barnstable County Commission manages the Regional Area Network (RAN) on behalf of OpenCape. T
Non-profit OpenCape owns, on behalf of the region, all of the physical assets that comprise the network, and receives a portion of the profits CapeNet and other licensees receive from selling services on the network.

17. Middle Mile Networks- Insights and Lessons Learned
Success Factors
Hybrid Networks
Offering capacity to multiple ISP and service providers while municipality offers basic services to anchor institutions
Phased Approach
Begin with agencies, add anchor institutions and then pursue businesses
“Dig-Once” Policies
Enable local communities to expand their own fiber and conduit assets, as well as those of private providers
“Dual P3” Model
Separate dark & lit fiber P3 has potential merit and worth considering
Challenges
Overly Optimistic
Assumptions of take rates and ability to collect payment
Lack of Talent
Inability to attract and retain affordable network management, engineering and customer service talent
Inadequate Policies and Enforcement
Inability to implement effective “make ready” process
Poor Design
Core and hub sites too small to support multiple service providers utilizing the network and lack of planning for scalability
The network design and cost estimates assume the City or its dark fiber partner will:
● Identify and procure space at two core facilities to house network electronics and
provide backhaul to the internet
● Utilize existing City land to locate 10 distribution hub facilities with adequate
environmental and backup power systems to house network electronics
● Construct fiber optics to connect core sites to distribution hubs in a backbone ring
● Construct additional backbone fiber to connect the distribution hubs to fiber
distribution cabinets (FDC)
● Construct fiber optics from the FDCs to each residence and business (i.e., from
termination panels in the FDC to tap locations in the right‐of‐way or on City easements)
● Construct fiber laterals into large, multi‐tenant business facilities and MDUs
The network core sites link the FTTP network to the public internet and deliver all services to end
users. The proposed network design includes two core locations, based on the network’s
projected capacity requirements and the need for geographical redundancy (i.e., if one core site
were to fail, the second core site would continue to operate the network).
The location of core network facilities also provides physical path diversity for subscribers and all
upstream service and content providers. For the design and cost estimates, we assume that the
City’s core sites will be housed in secure locations with diverse connectivity to the internet and
the City’s existing fiber optic network.
The core locations in this plan will house providers’ Operational Support Systems (OSS) such as
provisioning platforms, fault and performance management systems, remote access, and other
operational support systems for FTTP operations. The core locations are also where any business
partner or content / service providers will gain access to the subscriber network with their own
point‐of‐presence. This may be via remote connection, but collocation is recommended.
The core locations are typically run in a High Availability (HA) configuration, with fully meshed
and redundant uplinks to the public internet and/or all other content and service providers. It is
imperative that core network locations are physically secure and allow unencumbered access
24x7x365 to authorized engineering and operational staff.

18. Ensuring long-term customers for your middle-mile network

19. Key considerations for attracting and keeping customers
Quality vs. Availability
Customer Experience
Competition
While the availability of broadband access at any level is welcome in an under-served community, the quality of service is the determining factor of whether a customer maintains their service subscription
More services, more applications, more content, more responsiveness – greater flexibility, less bureaucracy. And loyalty and retention is driven by the best customer experience
Many initial broadband deployments in under-served areas are followed by competitive service offerings, loyalty to the initial provider is not guaranteed
One of the top factors behind failed public network projects has been an overly optimistic “take rate” assumption and inability to retain customers

20. Traditional mode of network operations inefficient and costly
Off-line
Planning
tool
Network
Management System
Spreadsheets
OSS / BSS
Network
Most networks in place today follow a similar design. There is a transport layer, used by a variety of physical network elements to provide connectivity, overseen by a variety of element management systems – all controlled by the OSS/BSS and the human operators. When a request for a new service or a modification to a service comes in, a human operator typically has a grueling path to follow. They need to examine spreadsheets to see where connections exist, they need to check off-line planning tools to see what is available. They need to work with the OSS/BSS to see which systems need to be configured – and how they bill for this service. Finally, they need to work with individual EMS’ to program the infrastructure to set up the service.

21. Adaptive approach improves customer satisfaction and reduces cost
Analytics & Intelligence
Predictive and adaptive analytics based on both big data and small data
Intent-based policies
Automation
Telemetry
Programmable Infrastructure
Dynamic pool of virtual and physical network resources, instrumented, open, scalable, secure
The Adaptive Network
So how does it all work?
The Adaptive Network is built upon 3 foundational elements:
It all starts with the programmable infrastructure that can be accessed and configured via common, open interfaces, that is highly instrumented with the ability to export real-time network performance data, and can also adjust its resources as needed to meet the demands of the applications running on top of it.
The Infrastructure is able to feed information into the Analytics and Intelligence layer. Here the network data can be analyzed using machine learning turning mountains of data into actionable insight. Leveraging these insights can help providers develop smarter, data-driven business policies that enable them to adapt to customer needs in real-time.
Lastly in the software control & automation element, multi-domain service orchestration and centralized domain control allows network providers to simplify the E2E management and automation of network services across hybrid networks.
Underpinning all of these elements is an architecture rooted in openness, scalability and security.
Realizing the full Adaptive Network vision won't happen over night – it will be a journey – and each provider will have a different starting point, depending upon their current network infrastructure, market dynamics and business objectives.
The good news is that Ciena has a portfolio of products and services today that can help get our customers get started on this journey.
Software Control
& Automation
Open orchestration

22. Intelligent Middle- Mile Networks for Smarter Communities
Key Takeaways 1
Smart Communities are evolving and new technologies are impacting all segments of ecosystem 2
Customer demands and technology innovations placing greater requirements on networks 3
Middle-mile networks are key foundational infrastructure of smart communities 4
Customers demand high quality of experience, service and responsiveness 5
“Adaptive” network approach can help deliver consistent quality of customer experience and reduce cost

23. Thank You