1. STAAR REVIEW
Age of Jackson, Reform, and geographic, economic and societal Expansion

2. 1824 Four Democratic-Republican Candidates
None get a majority of electoral votes, but Jackson earns the most popular votes
The House chooses John Quincy Adams (who then makes SPEAKER Clay Sec. of State)
Jackson and his supporters are furious

3. “HE WHO COULD NOT BARTER NOR BARGAIN FOR THE PRESIDENCY!”
Who, although a “Military Chieftain,” valued the purity of Elections and Electors MORE than the Office of PRESIDENT itself…

4. Tough
Vetoes laws
Decisive
Fires his cabinet
A “Man of the People”
Spoils System – gives government jobs to the common man
Natives are a “conquered people”
No National bank
Hard currency (gold)
Limited Government, but with a strong President
States cannot nullify federal laws

5. Bank War
Jackson vetoes the bank’s charter and removes the nation’s $ to state banks
Initial success; the nation is debt free
Followed by the Panic of 1837 (depression)
Indian Removal
Marshall’s Supreme Court rule in favor of the Cherokee
Jackson ignores the ruling and Indians are forced west on the Trail of Tears

6. Nullification Crisis
Tariff of Abomination hurts Southern economy
S. Carolina passes the Nullification Act
Jackson gets Congress to authorize force
S. Carolina threatens to secede
Henry Clay
Negotiates a compromise to lower the tariff over a ten year period

7. Henry Clay
Negotiates a compromise to lower the tariff over a ten year period

8. Government BY the People; not just FOR the people
Expanded Suffrage
Government BY the People; not just FOR the people
2 new parties:
Jackson’s Democratic Party
His opponent’s (Clay, Webster) WHIG Party

9. The Whig Party
Arose from the faction of the Democratic-Republicans opposed to Jackson and his policies
Favored the National Bank
Feared Jackson’s view of a strong president
Favored federal $$ to fund internal improvements (“The American System”)
Leaders include:
Henry Clay
John Quincy Adams
John C. Calhoun
Daniel Webster

10. Social Reform

11. What was The Second Great Awakening?
The Second Great Awakening was a Christian religious revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States, which expressed the idea that every person could be saved.
The Second Great Awakening
Care of the Disabled
Women’s Rights
Temperance
Labor Reform
Prison Reform
Education Reform

12. Influence on Society
Preached that selfishness was the root of sin and evil
Influenced many reform movements, especially prison reform, abolition, temperance and care for the disabled and insane
By doing charitable work (God’s work) one could be saved
Church membership soared
New Christian denominations are established

13. William Lloyd Garrison
Abolition
"immediate emancipation!"
Fredrick Douglass
William Lloyd Garrison
I could, as a free man, look across the bay toward the Eastern Shore where I was born a slave.

14. Accomplishments: Eventually:
Anti- slavery societies grow in the North
Uncle Tom’s Cabin is published and becomes a best seller
Rallies and conventions are held
William Lloyd Garrison publishes “The Liberator”
Eventually:
Abraham Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation
After the Civil War, the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments to the Constitution are passed

15. Women’s Rights
Susan B. Anthony
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Lucretia Mott

16. Seneca Falls Convention
We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness…
Excerpt from the “Declaration of Rights and Sentiments,” adopted at the Seneca Falls Convention

17. Temperance Movement
Carrie Nation
Lyman Beecher

18. Temperance propaganda…

19. Hudson River School Artists
Not an actual school, but an artistic trend in 1800s America. Named because of its beginnings in the Hudson River Valley of New York State and after many of the earlier paintings that depicted this region of the country.

20. John James Audubon Ornithologist (expert on birds) and painter.
Famous for his highly accurate and detailed illustrations of American birds in their natural habitat.

21. Why Immigrate? Enduring Understanding (main idea):
TEKS 8.23A: identify selected racial, ethnic, and religious groups that settled in the United States and explain their reasons for immigration
Why Immigrate?
Enduring Understanding (main idea):
People who voluntarily migrate do so because they are looking for a better life.
Political (Freedom from tyranny)
Social/Religious (Way of life, practice of faith)
Economic (Make more $)

22. Who Came to the United States in the 19th Century?
TEKS 8.23A: identify selected racial, ethnic, and religious groups that settled in the United States and explain their reasons for immigration
Who Came to the United States in the 19th Century?
English
Irish
Germans
European Jews (mostly from Russia and Germany)
Scandinavians
Chinese
Italians

23. Potato Famine

25. Acquisitions in chronological order:
British Cession 1818
Oregon Territory 1846
Louisiana Purchase 1803
Treaty of Paris 1783
13 original colonies
Mexican Cession 1848
Gadsden Purchase 1853
Texas Annexation 1845
Florida Cession 1819