1. Chapter 16: Endocrine and Reproductive Health
By: Zoe Tonkinson, Dominic Sparacino, Matthew Trine, and Michelle Kelley

2. Warm Ups
what has school taught you about the reproductive system and reproductive health?
what organs are a part of male/female reproductive systems and how does each function?

3. lesson 1 the Endocrine system
vocabulary:
endocrine glands: are ductless or tubeless organs or groups of cells that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
hormones: are chemical substances that help regulate many of your body functions
thyroid gland:produces hormones that regulate metabolism,body heat,bone growth

4. rest of vocab
parathyroid glands:produce a hormone that balances calcium and phosphorus in body
pancreas:is a gland that serves both the digestive and the endocrine systems
pituitary gland:regulates and controls the activities of all endocrine system
adrenal glands:produce hormones that regulate the body's salt and water balance

5. the endocrine system

6. Lesson 2: The Male Reproductive System
Two main functions of male reproductive system are to produce and store sperm and to transfer them to the female during intercourse.
your sperm reaches maturity between 12 and 15

7. male reproduction system

8. External Reproduction Organs
Testes- AKA testicles are two small glands that secrete testosterone and produce sperm.
Scrotum- is the external skin sac.
Penis- is the tube shaped organ that extends from the trunk of the body over the testes.
Semen- is a thick fluid containing sperm and other secretions from the male reproductive system.

9. Internal Reproductive Organs
urethra- the passageway through which both semen and urine leaves the male body
prostate gland- combines with the sperm containing fluid to form semen
vas deferens- the vas deferens are tubes that extend from each epididymis to the urethra
epididymis- the tube in each testis join the epididymis,a larger coiled tube where sperm mature and are formed
seminal vesicle- as sperm move through the vas deferens they combined with a fluid that contains nutrients to nourish the sperm

10. Male reproductive system problems
inguinal hernia- this occurs part of the intestines push through the abdominal wall.
sterility- inability to reproduce as a result of too few sperm or sperm of poor quality
testicular cancer- affects all males of any age but is treatable through surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy
prostate cancer- the prostate gland can become enlarged as a result of an infection, a tumor, or age

11. lesson 3 Female Reproductive System
vocab:
Eggs- female gametes or ova
Ovaries- female sex glands that store the ova and produce sex hormones
Uterus- hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ that nourishes and protects a fertilized ovum until birth

12. Vocab
Ovulation- the process of releasing a mature ovum into the fallopian tube each month
Fallopian Tubes- a pair of tubes with fingerlike projections that draw in the ovum
Vagina- a muscular, elastic passageway that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body
Menstruation- the shedding of the uterine lining
Cervix- the opening to the uterus

14. female reproductive organs
female reproductive system has several functions:
producing female sex hormones
storing the eggs
A female at birth has more than 4oo,ooo immature ova
A mature ovum is released from an ovary into one of the fallopian tubes

15. female reproductive organs
-hairlike structures called cilia work to move the ovum with help of muscle contractions
- sperm enters the vagina and unite with the ovum resulting in fertilization
-the fertilized egg becomes a zygote, enters and attaches to the walls of uterus
- walls thicken with blood to nourish the zygote until birth

16. menstruation
after a female matures the uterus prepares every month for pregnancy
if does not occur then the thickened lining breaks down into blood, tissue, and fluids (endometrium)
most females start this cycle at the age 10 to 15
endocrine hormones control the cycle and ends when menopause occurs around the age 45-55

17. reproductive health and system problems
- bathe regularly
- have regular medical exams
- practice abstinence
- menstrual cramps- common
- premenstrual syndrome (PMS)- common
- toxic shock syndrome (TSS)- uncommon
- breast exams should be given after each cycle because the breast is not tender

18. QUIZ which gland links the endocrine system with the nervous system?
what is the main role of the pituitary gland?
what is an inguinal hernia?
where are sperm formed?
passageway where sperm and urine leave the body?
what is the opening of the uterus?
what type of disease, if left untreated, is associated with pelvic inflammatory disease?
how can good hygiene prevent toxic shock syndrome?
how does the scrotum respond to temperature, and for what purpose?
why is it important for females to conduct a breast exam after their menstrual cycle?

19. QUIZ ANSWERS: hypothalamus
regulates and control the activities of other endocrine glands
a tear in the abdominal caused by lifting heavy objects
they are formed in the testes
the urethra
the cervix
sexual transmitted diseases (STD)
it reduces risks of forming bacteria infection
it keeps the temperature slightly below body temp to keep the sperm alive
breast cancer is serious and after a cycle the breasts are not tender