1. Living in a World at War 1939-1945
Chapter 23
Living in a World at War

2. The Deep Roots of War — The United States, Europe, and Asia
New Deal overshadowed Growing tensions in Japan, Italy, Spain, and Germany For the most part, the U.S. remains isolated during the 1930s. Adolf Hitler, “Der Führer,” Nazi Germany

3. Sept. 7, 1934 Nye Commission – Concluded US entry into WWI was prompted by business intrests

4. U.S. Germany Leaders Franklin D. Roosevelt Adolph Hitler
U.S.
Germany
Leaders
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Adolph Hitler
Birth and Death dates
Dates they were in power
How did they come to power?
What were the conditions in the country at the time of their raise to power?
How did they react when their power was restricted or challenged?
What is their legacy? How are they remembered?

5. Preparedness and Isolation, 1939 –1941
When Germany attacked Poland in September 1939, Britain and then France declared war on Germany. Europe was at war. Neither Japan nor the United States intervened. Britain and France waited for an attack they knew would come.
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6. The Battle of Britain
By the summer of 1940, Hitler was the master of Europe. Only Great Britain stood against Germany 338,000 Allied troops evacuated from the beaches of Dunkirk Germans launched “The Blitz” Hitler fails to capture Britain
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7. Moving Toward Lend-Lease Legislation
America First Committee “Destroyers-for-Bases” deal “Arsenal of Democracy” – “Four Freedoms” Lend-Lease legislation - “loan” war materials to the British for the duration of the war
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8. Growing Tensions with Japan
Meanwhile, Japan’s expansion in East Asia causes the U.S. to shut off oil shipments. Dec. 7, Japanese planes attack the U.S. naval fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
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10. Growing Tensions with Japan
Meanwhile, Japan’s expansion in East Asia causes the U.S. to shut off oil shipments. Dec. 7, Japanese planes attack the U.S. naval fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
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11. Early Battles, Early Losses, 1941– 1942
Within hours of December 7, Japan also attacked U.S. bases in the Philippine Islands, the Aleutian Islands off Alaska, as well as Guam and Wake Islands in the mid-Pacific. Japan controlled the whole of the western Pacific.
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12. Key points
Selective Service Act Executive order 8802 – Fair Employment Practices Committee Executive Order 9066 – Japanese Internment Korematsu v. United States

13. Mass Mobilization in a Society at War
The attack of December 7, 1941, changed everything. All Americans had their lives changed by the war. The war provided a job for everyone, and wartime jobs vastly expanded the size of the nation’s middle class. Ended the Great Depression
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14. Men in the Military — Volunteers and Draftees
Selective Service System Sixteen million men had registered for the draft when the war began, more soon after, and others volunteered in anticipation of an expanding draft.
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15. Japanese Power in the Pacific
MAP 23-2, Japanese Power in the Pacific
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16. Deferments, Alternative Service, and War Work
Congress allowed young men to complete college Other Americans found themselves in new jobs they had never before imagined. 43,000 conscientious objectors were “opposed to participation in war in any form.”
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17. Women in Military Service
The U.S. Army established the Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps, or WACs U.S. Navy created the Women Accepted for Voluntary Emergency Service, or WAVES
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18. Rosie the Riveter and Her Friends
In the course of the war, more than 6 million more women entered the workforce Some 2 million women went to work in previously all-male defense plants where they sometimes made up half of the workforce. On the West Coast, 500,000 women worked in the aircraft industry and 225,000 in shipbuilding.
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19. Japanese Internment
120,000 native-born Americans of Japanese descent sent to relocation camps in the West. Some German Americans and Italian Americans, too Made into an Enemy – The War
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20. Internment Camps
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21. Industrial Strength, Industrial Prosperity
FDR said the United States needed to provide “crushing superiority of equipment in any theater of the world war.”
Roosevelt insisted that the United States produce:
60,000 airplanes in 1942 and 185,000 in 1943
120,000 tanks
55,000 anti-aircraft guns
16 million tons of merchant shipping

22. Wartime Prosperity
Wartime rationing limited some goods. People needed ration stamps to purchase their monthly allotment of meat, coffee, tires, and gasoline, and new cars were simply not available. Housing was scarce, too.

23. Selling Wartime Rationing

24. The War in Europe, 1943–1945
Germany first “Operation Overlord” June 6, 1944 Opening a second front March to Berlin The Holocaust

25. Battle of Stalingrad
By 1942, Germany was focusing it attention on southern USSR
Their goal was to secure the vast oil reserves.
It will be the real turning point of
the war
Allies
Axis
USSR
Germany
Killed/Missing
1,150,000
743,000
Captured
107,000

26. Focusing on the Nazis We begin to focus on the European Theater
November 8, 1942 – Invasion of North Africa
We invade from the west and the British push in from the east (Egypt).
The goal is to squeeze the Nazis out of Africa
Allies
Axis
Great Britain US
Germany
Italy
Killed/Missing
22,000
18,000
22,300
Captured
340,000
130,000

27. End of Operation Torch
After setbacks at the Kasserine Pass, in February 1943, the Allies regrouped In April, the Allies worked to cut the German and Italians access to naval support. By May 13, the Axis has surrendered in North Africa This opened the way for the Allies to jump across the Mediterrian Sea, first onto Sicily and then to Italy.

28. Jumping to Europe July 10, 1943 – Invasion of Sicily
We follow the Nazis across the Mediterranean Sea, back to Europe
We hop from Africa to Sicily and hopefully to Italy
Allies
Axis
Great Britain US
Germany
Italy
Killed/Missing/Captured
24,820
150,000 ish

29. On to Europe Sept. 3, 1943 – Invasion of Italy
We follow the Nazis to Europe and hope to push up the Italian Peninsula (“Soft under-belly of Europe) and into Austria and Germany.
Not as easy as we thought it would be.

30. D-day June 6, 1944 – Invasion of Normandy France
Operation Over Lord is under way
Great Britain, Canada, and U.S. go across the English Channel to invade France.
We land at Normandy on 5 beachheads, Gold Juno, Sword, Omaha, and Utah.

31. The attack

32. Pre invasion operations

33. Gliders – Great idea in Theory

34. LCVP “Higgin’s Boats”

35. The Landing

37. Work Horse of the Waves LST

39. Liberation of France
By August 1944, the German forces had been pushed out of France. This will be an important victory to reestablish an ally and mark the finial phase of the war in western Europe.

40. Battle of the Bulge German’s last big attack
The German’s threw everything they had at the center of the Allied Lines in the West
Eventually the attack was repulsed and the demoralized Germany troops fell back.
Fighting continued but it was a steady march toward Berlin

41. Roosevelt’s Death, Truman’s Leadership
April 12, FDR dies, Harry S. Truman becomes president April 30, Hitler commits suicide May 8, Germany surrenders, VE Day
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42. The War in the Pacific, 1943–1945
The U.S. employed a strategy of “island hopping.” The war in the Pacific was brutal. Iwo Jima Okinawa
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43. The War in the Pacific MAP 23-5, The War in the Pacific
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44. The Atomic Era Begins
Manhattan Project Aug. 6, the Enola Gay drops “Little Boy” on Hiroshima 100,000 die instantly Aug. 9 - “Fat Man” dropped on Nagasaki 60,000 die instantly Aug Japan surrenders, VJ Day
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