1. India in the Post-Classical Era

2. Indian Geography
List 5 MOST SIGNIFICANT geographic features in S. Asia

4. A Divided Land Gupta Dynasty fell in 6th Century
India is divided into regional powers
Politically divided
Not united until 16th Century

5. A Tale of Two Lands India is geographically divided
North and South develop differently

6. Northern India King Harsha (ruled 606 – 648 CE) Conflict and Chaos
Regional leaders fight over power
Invasions are common

7. Islam in N. India Umayyad Rule Muslim Traders Turkish Muslims
8th Century: Sind (Indus Valley)
Muslim Traders
Port Cities
Turkish Muslims
Afghanistan

8. Sultanate of Delhi Mahmud of Ghazni (1001 – 1027 CE)
Afghanistan leader
Invaded India, Destroyed Hindu and Buddhist Sites
Sultanate of Delhi (1206 – 1526)
Capital is Delhi
Localized Control
Surrounded by Hindus

12. Southern India More stability in the South
Chola Kingdom (850 – 1267 CE)
Dominant Navy
Rich from trade
Kingdom of Vijayanagar (1300s – 1565)
Hindu Kingdom fell to Muslims

20. Agriculture Agriculture Production increases in post classical era
Increased Specialization
Monsoons create a need for irrigation
Monsoons
Spring/Summer  Wet
Fall/Winter  Dry
Population Growth
More Agriculture = Greater Population
Major Trading Cities Arise (EMPORIA)

24. Indian Ocean Trade Indian Economy Hindu Temples
Increased specialization  more trade
Internal Trade
Special Goods: Iron (Ganges), Copper (Deccan), Salt (Coast), Pepper (South)
Hindu Temples
Political, Social and Educational Centers
Used wealth for elaborate temples

32. Cross Cultural Trade Post Classical Era Trading Centers
Larger Ships/Greater Commercial Organization
Dhows (Muslims)
Junks (Chinese)
Trading Centers
India’s location perfect for emporia
Cosmopolitan Cities Developed

36. Specialized Production
India
Produced cotton textiles
China – Silk, Porcelain
SE Asia – Spices, Incense, Horses
East Africa – Gold, Ivory, Slaves

37. The Caste System Adaptability Expansion Order and Stability
Increasing pressures
Subcastes
Expansion
Order and Stability
Consistency over time

38. The Spread of Islam Merchant Communities Conversion
Greatest acceptance
Conversion
Gradual
Political positions reserved for Muslims
Some converted to escape low castes
1500 – 25 Million (1/4 of Population)

40. Sufi Mystics Sufis Bhakti Movement Hinduism/Islam Traveling holy men
12th Century – South India
Erase religious distinctions
Guru Kabir
Hinduism/Islam
Compare/Contrast