1. Changes in Civilization
Objective: The student will analyze the constant change & evolution of civilizations through factors such as environmental influences, migratory patterns & conflicts.

2. WarmUp #1 1. Write a ½-page reflection on: “ What is history?”
“How do we know about the past?”

3. Introduction to Prehistory
Prehistory: the time before we have any written records

4. How do we know about history?
Anthropology
focuses more on culture & human remains/human fossils.
Archaeology
- studies past societies by what they left behind, called artifacts.
(tools, household items, weapons, etc.)
Key Concept: We analyze the remains to draw conclusions about people’s lives & culture.

5. Paleolithic Age Paleo = old Lithic = stone
Hominids: creatures that walk upright
Paleo = old Lithic = stone
circa 1,000,000 BC-18,000 BC
lived in caves
learned to control fire
developed a spoken language
early religion
early art

6. Beliefs of Early Humans
Religion explains the workings of nature & the existence of things.
Animism: the belief that all things in nature have spirits.
As Humans progressed, their spiritual practices developed. A few groups of early humans would bury their dead, showing a belief in an afterlife.

7. Stone Age People
Nomads: moving from place to place following their food source, the migrating herds of animals
relied on natural resources & lived in small groups
hunter-gatherers: men hunted & women cared for children = survival was necessary!

8. Hall of Bulls: Lascaux, France
What is the subject of the art?
Why might the people who made the art have provided more details for some animals over others?
What skills & materials would artists have needed to create these images?

10. Neolithic Age Neo = new Lithic = stone 10,000 BC – 4500 BC
from pre-pottery to first pottery
domestication of plants & animals
flint tools
Mother Goddess (“Earth”)
Agricultural Revolution

11. Changes during the Neolithic Revolution led to the emergence of Civilizations
acquire food
on a regular
basis
rise of
permanent
villages
trading of
goods,
division of
labor
Civilization

12. Beginnings of Civilization
3 things are needed:
1. people produce surplus food.
2. towns or cities with governments.
3. people perform specialized jobs.

13. Catal Huyuk: a farming village
Analyze the visual on Catal Huyuk on
pg. 16 of the text & answer #1 & 2.
~Catal is Turkish for "fork" ~Höyük for "mound”

14. Rise of Civilization Cause Effect
The planting of crops & the domestication of animals began.
People had access to a regular food supply; people built settlements, houses & storage shelters that were more permanent.
People produced weapons and jewelry
for trade. People of Çatal Hüyük traded with neighboring people.
Communities were exposed to new
technology & different goods. Wealth
increased & society became more complex. People formed armies, built walled cities & developed governments.
Men became more active in farming
and women cared for the children.
Men took a more dominant role in
society.
Craftspeople in Asia learned to create
bronze by melting copper & tin.
The Bronze Age began.
Writing was developed.
People began to keep records.

15. Bartering

16. From Villages…to Cities!
larger, more densely populated
more diversity: many unrelated people
defensive walls
center of trade for surrounding areas
more formal organization
temples, palaces, monuments, government buildings & marketplaces

17. Characteristics of Civilizations
a complex society with many characteristics
cities
government
religion
specialization of labor
social structure
writing/records
art/literature

18. Changes in Civilizations
1. Environmental Influences
dependence on farming: nature could devastate crops & destroy civilizations
storms/floods: wipe out cities (droughts kill livestock)
food shortage: weaken a civilization & make it vulnerable to outside attack
people needed outside resources they lacked
trees, metals, stones, etc.
TRADE!

19. Changes in Civilization
2. Spread of People & Ideas
movement of people through trade, migration & conquest helps to spread ideas & culture
traveling merchants: learned new languages
migrants: brought languages, customs & traditions with them to new areas
civilizations imposed their own culture on conquered peoples
Cultural Diffusion: the spread of ideas, beliefs, customs & technology from one culture to the next
advances in writing, religion, art, farming, etc. spread

20. Changes in Civilization
3. Expansion & Warfare
civilizations grew & needed more land & resources to support & sustain their population
conflicts arose over rich farmland, important sea ports, or regions with valuable resources
as a result, some civilizations developed into states & kingdoms
conflicts between nomadic tribal groups & civilizations because of land
Nomads- usually skilled warriors, domestication of the horse helped nomads & mobility (raided villages & cities)

21. Say Hello to John Green! Crash Course:
the Agricultural Revolution:

22. Homework #1 Develop a civilization of your own!
What conditions would exist for your civilization to grow, develop & flourish in the ancient world?
Must include:
1) government/laws
2) religion
3) traditions
4) farming/markets/trade ($)
5) towns? nomadic people?
Must be at least 1-page in length
complete sentences
detailed & thorough