1. A project by- Nithin Seenivasan Nandaganesh M.R.Chitthaarth
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AN EXPERIMENTAL SETUP FOR SINGLE PLANE BALANCING  
A project by-
Nithin Seenivasan
Nandaganesh
M.R.Chitthaarth

2. INTRODUCTION
This project involves design and fabrication of an experimental setup to help the mechanical engineering students to understand the concept of balancing of rotating masses (single plane balancing) by conducting an experiment in the Dynamics Laboratory.
The system works in close tandem between theory and practical application.

3. IMPORTANCE OF BALANCING
Balancing of masses is a very critical and an important in rotating machineries of modern day industries
Unbalance refers to the center-of-gravity of the rotor being out of alignment with its center-of-rotation (eccentricity)
In most homes, looking around many rooms you can find air conditioners, CD or DVD player and the television
All of these consumer electronic products include internal rotating parts (motors), which if unbalanced, will generate vibration and noise during rotation

4. THEORY There are two types of Imbalance-
Static Unbalance - The unbalance experienced when an object is static
Dynamic Unbalance - The unbalance experienced when an object is moving
The model is based on the Dynamic balancing of masses.

5. DYNAMIC BALANCING
When a shaft rotates at an angular velocity ω rad/sec about a fixed axis, say the x-axis, and carries a body of mass m on a plane P with its centre of mass not lying on the x-axis, a centripetal force of mr ω 2 acts on the mass
This force, if not counter-balanced, leads to an imbalance called Dynamic Balancing

6. DYNAMIC IMBALANCE OF SINGLE MASS

7. DYNAMIC IMBALANCE OF SEVERAL MASSES

8. COMPONETS OF SETUP
The following components are fabricated and assembled in our setup
An electric motor of 1/12 hp power
A rope drive system
A supporting frame
A shaft
A disc
Ball bearings
Eccentric masses

9. CAD DIAGRAM OF SHAFT AND DISC

10. DIMENSIONS OF COMPONENTS
The materials selection, cross sections, size of the components are calculated using strength based design approach and are listed as follows

11. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
The experimental setup consists of a shaft, mounted on two bearings.
The shaft is a stepped type shaft, with a M24 thread of 1 mm pitch machined on 75 millimeters of the length. It is a solid mild Steel shaft.
The rest of the length is a plain machined type, with a 20 millimeters diameter.
The bearings used are nonshield type ball bearings, of 20 mm internal diameter and 42 mm external diameter and 11 millimeters thickness.
The disc is a 4 mm thick, also made of Mild Steel and a 23 millimeter hole is drilled in the center and a M24 internal thread is made on it, with a pitch of 1 millimeter.
10 holes of 3 millimeters diameter, spaced at 10 millimeters each are made at every 45 degrees of the disc, amounting to 60 holes in the disc.

12. DIFFERENT VIEWS OF THE MODEL

13. DIFFERENT VIEWS OF THE MODEL

14. PROCESSES USED FOR FABRICATION
Drilling (frame, disc, eccentric masses)
Welding (chain, disc and shaft)
Facing (disc)
Threading (disc, shaft)

15. COST ANALYSIS

16. MODEL SUM
“Two masses A, B are placed on a balanced disc as shown in Fig.7.1, both at radii of 70 mm respectively. Both the masses are 100 grams at right angle to each other. Find the counter balance mass that must be added at a radius of 62 mm in order to balance the system “

17. UNBALANCED SYSTEM

18. FORCE POLYGON
Scale- 1 cm= .0023Kgm

19. TABLE MASS VALUE (Kg) ECCENTRICITY r (m) ‘mr’ Value (Kg-m) A .1 .07
MASSES
MASS VALUE
(Kg)
ECCENTRICITY
r (m)
‘mr’
Value
(Kg-m) A .1
.07
.007 B C X
.062
.0625
S mr

20. BALANCED SYSTEM

21. EXPERIMENTAL VERFICATION
The two 100 grams masses are fixed to the disc, at right angles to each other, at 70 mm from the disc center.
One mass is taken as reference and 150 grams mass, whose value is obtained by solving the sum, is placed at 225o to the reference mass.
The radius of the third mass is taken as 62 mm, which is also obtained from solving the sum.
The motor is then run using the accelerator and if the frame does not vibrate vigorously at moderate speeds, then the sum is solved accurately.

22. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED Threading on a 4 mm thickness disc
Facing a 300 mm dia disc, due to the unavailability of large size chuck
Dealing with the static imbalance in the disc, due to density gradient

23. IMPORTANT LESSONS LEARNT
Various processes like drilling, turning, facing, cutting etc were put to practical use, which led to deeper understanding of their working and importance
To design a product from scratch- the various processes and nuances involved
Team work
Industry standards and a thorough knowledge of the layout of Broadway’s industrial area, including fruitful contacts being made

24. CONCLUSION
This model was constructed for conducting the Single Plane balancing experiment in the Dynamics Lab. By solving the sum given and experimentally proving the results by using the model, the students are able to prove their results practically. Hence, after demonstrating the working of the machine, the apparatus is now ready to use for the Dynamics of Machinery Laboratory.

25. SPECIAL THANKS TO
Prof. M.Kumar (our guide)and Prof. V.Jayakumar , for his wonderful guidance and help throughout this project.
Mr. S. Murugan and Mr. P. Gajapathy (Workshop Assistants), who were so gracious in providing their valuable input and assistance.
We also thank Mr. A. Balasubramaniam, of Balkan Electronics for his continued support and help throughout the project and for helping us to become better engineers.

26. THANK YOU!