1. 1 PRODUCTION OF A MANUAL FOR STATISTICS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSEHOLDS MESH PROJECT 3 th Working Meeting Vienna, 3 th May 2012 WP2: DISCUSSION OF METHODOLOGY Jesús Pedro García Montes IDAE – General Secretary – Planning and Studies Department

2. 2 Definitions: End uses M ESH PROJECT : P RODUCTION OF A M ANUAL FOR S TATISTICS ON E NERGY C ONSUMPTION IN H OUSEHOLDS End Use: the use of energy commodities by a household, in order to obtain a certain service (heating, cooling, hot water etc.). Five major energy end-uses are distinguished for the energy consumption in households; space heating, water heating, cooking, space cooling, lighting and electrical appliances. Space Heating. Water Heating. Space cooling. Cooking. Lighting and electrical appliances. Other end uses.

3. 3 Definitions: End uses M ESH PROJECT : P RODUCTION OF A M ANUAL FOR S TATISTICS ON E NERGY C ONSUMPTION IN H OUSEHOLDS End Uses Definitions: before to define the different end uses Come thoughts: Electricity consumption has problems to disaggregate by uses. Centralized systems for space heating and water heating present the same problems. Additionally, households consuming an only type of energy could have problems to disaggregate the consumption by end uses. For example: households supplied by natural gas or electricity. Solutions: In these cases the breakdown by uses should be determined by modeling from theoretical approaches, in situ measurements or mixtures of both. Manual should incorporate methods that help the user to disaggregate the consumption by uses.

4. 4 Definitions: End uses – Space heating M ESH PROJECT : P RODUCTION OF A M ANUAL FOR S TATISTICS ON E NERGY C ONSUMPTION IN H OUSEHOLDS Definition of Space heating: There are two possible definitions The use of energy to provide heat in a dwelling. Including electrical heating. A more restrictive but more appropriate definition, according to the nature of energy end uses in households, is the use of energy to provide heat in an interior area of a dwelling. Discussion: should we consider the external heating for terraces? Come thoughts: The terraces have not a good insulation. If we included outdoor heating in space indoor heating, the consumption by m 2 will be higher and no comparable with other house without terrace. The heaters are different for indoor heating and outdoor heating and it is possible to separate outdoor and indoor heating. For space cooling, we not considered the fans, blowers or nebulizers. Information on fuel type used must be included.

5. 5 Definitions: End uses – Space heating M ESH PROJECT : P RODUCTION OF A M ANUAL FOR S TATISTICS ON E NERGY C ONSUMPTION IN H OUSEHOLDS Systems for Space heating: depending on the information available in each country two possible of breakdown: Basic o minimum breakdown: Main / Supplementary: the main space-heating system provides most of the heat to the dwelling. The supplementary space-heating equipment is used less often than the main space-heating system. Collective / Individual: the main space-heating system may be a collective system, serving more than one households. An individual system provides heat to a single household. District heating forms a separate type of main space-heating systems. More completed disaggregation: Local system: non-central heating (stoves, fireplaces, electric radiators etc.). Floor central heating: for one dwelling in one building. Central heating: for multiple dwellings in one building. District heating: heating plant or boiler rooms for several buildings.

6. 6 Definitions: End uses – Space heating M ESH PROJECT : P RODUCTION OF A M ANUAL FOR S TATISTICS ON E NERGY C ONSUMPTION IN H OUSEHOLDS Type of Heating equipment: types of heating equipment : Combi boiler: is a water heater and a central heating boiler, combined within one compact unit. It could be normal boiler or high efficiency boiler. Central steam / hot water space-heating system: providing steam or hot water to radiators / convectors or pipes (under-floor heating) in a dwelling. It could be normal or high efficiency device. Built-in electric system: a system of electrical resistances (usually as under-floor heating) providing heat to individual rooms; the system is part of the building electrical installation. Central warm-air space-heating system: providing warm air through ducts to the dwelling Heat pumps: a device that brings heat in the dwelling from the environment using a compressor (mechanical work) Stove: a non-portable apparatus that furnishes heat using solid or liquid fuels Fireplace Electric storage heaters, portable electric heaters Portable kerosene / LPG heaters Other Discussion: Where do we include solar panels for heating? Discussion: cooking equipment for heating could be categorized like a stove, but we need to be able to breakdown the consumption by uses.

7. 7 Definitions: End uses – Space heating M ESH PROJECT : P RODUCTION OF A M ANUAL FOR S TATISTICS ON E NERGY C ONSUMPTION IN H OUSEHOLDS Age of Heating Equipment: age of the main heating system of the household. Availability and type of temperature control instruments (thermostats): Thermostat: a device that turns on or off the heating system so that a desired temperature is reached in a heated space. Discussion: Is it realistic ask this information? Come thoughts: Households could inform about availability of this device, but about of its real use? And, households could inform about the average room temperature in dwelling during the heating season? If we considered necessary information about thermostat we should ask: Availability: number of thermostats controlling the main heating system. Thermostat types: Manual on-off thermostat: allowing the manual control of the heating period during the day. Programmable thermostat: designed to adjust automatically the temperature at different times of the day or night and days of the week.

8. 8 Definitions: End uses – Water heating M ESH PROJECT : P RODUCTION OF A M ANUAL FOR S TATISTICS ON E NERGY C ONSUMPTION IN H OUSEHOLDS Definition of Water heating: The use of energy to heat water for hot running water, bathing, cleaning and other non-cooking applications.. Discussion: should we include hot water for swimming-pool? Come thoughts: There are usually only a heater for all uses of hot water, but…. Its the same case for space heating and water heating. The heater could be the same. Consumption by litre of hot water it is not comparable between a home with swimming and the same home without swimming. Information on fuel type used must be provided.

9. 9 Definitions: End uses – Water heating M ESH PROJECT : P RODUCTION OF A M ANUAL FOR S TATISTICS ON E NERGY C ONSUMPTION IN H OUSEHOLDS Systems for Water heating: depending on the information available in each country two possible of breakdown: Basic o minimum breakdown: Main / Supplementary: the main water heating system provides most of the hot water to the dwelling. The supplementary water heating equipment is used less often than the main water heating system. Collective / Individual: the main water heating system may be a collective system, serving more than one households. An individual system provides water heating to a single household. District water heating forms a separate type of main water heating systems. More completed disaggregation: Local system: non-central water systems (stoves, electrical appliances, etc.). Floor water heating: for one dwelling in one building. Central heating: for multiple dwellings in one building. District heating: water heating plant or boiler rooms for several buildings.

10. 10 Definitions: End uses – Space heating M ESH PROJECT : P RODUCTION OF A M ANUAL FOR S TATISTICS ON E NERGY C ONSUMPTION IN H OUSEHOLDS Type of Water heating equipment: the following types of heating equipment may be considered: Combi boiler: is a water heater and a central heating boiler, combined within one compact unit. It could be normal boiler or high efficiency boiler. Water Heater: a thermally insulated vessel designed for heating and storing hot water. Water Heater instant: a thermally vessel designed for heating water without storage. Discussion: Where we include solar panels for water heating? Tank size, age: the volume (litres) and age of the water heater. Broad classes may be used for reporting tank size and age. Discussion: is it realistic?

11. 11 Definitions: End uses – Cooking M ESH PROJECT : P RODUCTION OF A M ANUAL FOR S TATISTICS ON E NERGY C ONSUMPTION IN H OUSEHOLDS Definition of Cooking: The use of energy to prepare meals and hot drinks. Discussion: should do we include hot drinks? Come thoughts: Hot drinks may be prepare by other equipment very different to cooker: café machine, water heaters, kettles… The main consumption in the service of cooking is in charge of cooker, oven, hob, and cooking stove. That is, in the equipment to make the basic preparation of food. Micro ovens are used to heat food already prepared or to prepare hot drinks. Micro ovens, café machine, water heaters, kettles, etc. could be considered electrical appliances.

12. 12 Definitions: End uses – Cooking M ESH PROJECT : P RODUCTION OF A M ANUAL FOR S TATISTICS ON E NERGY C ONSUMPTION IN H OUSEHOLDS Systems for cooking service: Basic o minimum breakdown: Main: the cooking system provides most of the cooking services to the households. Supplementary: the supplementary cooking system is used less often than the main cooking system. Type of Water heating equipment: the following types of cooking equipment may be considered: Cooker. Oven. Hob. Cooking stove. Age of Primary Cooking Equipment : only for main cooking equipment. Fuel type: only for main cooking equipment.

13. 13 Definitions: End uses – Space Cooling M ESH PROJECT : P RODUCTION OF A M ANUAL FOR S TATISTICS ON E NERGY C ONSUMPTION IN H OUSEHOLDS Definition of Space Cooling: The use of energy for cooling and dehumidifying the air in a dwelling by a refrigeration unit (fans, blowers and other appliances not connected to a refrigeration unit are not included). Residential air conditioning technologies include window air conditioners, central air conditioners and heat pumps. Air conditioning equipment type Central system that has ducts to bring cooled air in the individual rooms of the dwelling. Electrically driven individual units providing cooled only to single rooms. Age: the age of the central air-conditioning system or the oldest individual unit.

14. 14 Definitions: End uses – Space cooling M ESH PROJECT : P RODUCTION OF A M ANUAL FOR S TATISTICS ON E NERGY C ONSUMPTION IN H OUSEHOLDS Availability and type of temperature control instruments (thermostats): Thermostat: a device that turns on or off the heating system so that a desired temperature is reached in a heated space. Discussion: Is it realistic ask this information? Come thoughts: Households could inform about availability of this device, but about of its real use? And, households could inform about the average room temperature in dwelling during the cooling season? If we considered necessary information about thermostat we should ask: Availability: number of thermostats controlling the cooling system. Thermostat types: Manual on-off thermostat: allowing the manual control of the cooling period during the day. Programmable thermostat: designed to adjust automatically the temperature at different times of the day or night and days of the week.

15. 15 Definitions: End uses – Lighting and Electrical Appliances M ESH PROJECT : P RODUCTION OF A M ANUAL FOR S TATISTICS ON E NERGY C ONSUMPTION IN H OUSEHOLDS Definition of Lighting and Electrical appliances: The use of energy by the lights and electrical appliances in a dwelling not included in other end uses.. The service of Space Heating, Hot Water, Cooking and Space Cooling supplied by electricity are not include. Lighting and Electrical Appliances equipment type

16. 16 Definitions: End uses – Lighting and Electrical Appliances M ESH PROJECT : P RODUCTION OF A M ANUAL FOR S TATISTICS ON E NERGY C ONSUMPTION IN H OUSEHOLDS Lighting and Electrical Appliances equipment type In Spain 86% of consumption of electrical appliances

17. 17 Boundaries sector 1/3 M ESH PROJECT : P RODUCTION OF A M ANUAL FOR S TATISTICS ON E NERGY C ONSUMPTION IN H OUSEHOLDS Private cars arent object to the Manual. Consumption of private cars is reported in the transport sector. But, in chapter Consumer surveys we could suggest to user to incorporate in the survey some questions about private cars. A medium family reside in their second home a maximum of 33% of the year. Equipment linked to the second home tends to be lower in quantity and size. Methodology to develop will be valid for both main and second residence.

18. 18 Boundaries sector 2/3 M ESH PROJECT : P RODUCTION OF A M ANUAL FOR S TATISTICS ON E NERGY C ONSUMPTION IN H OUSEHOLDS Energy consumption associated to economic activities could be big. Difficulties to determine the energy consumption associated with economic activities. Need to estimate it from measurements or modeling. But, statistics should be of energy consumption in households. Its not possible to include energy consumption associated a economic activities. Rest of consumption (swimming pool, lawn moving, outdoors heaters, etc.) should be reported, but: Like other consumption? Like external consumption to dwelling?

19. 19 Boundaries sector 3/3: final proposal from IDAE M ESH PROJECT : P RODUCTION OF A M ANUAL FOR S TATISTICS ON E NERGY C ONSUMPTION IN H OUSEHOLDS Outdoor recreation activities (mainly in gardens) Swimming pool Lawn mowing outdoor heaters Main residence: only private consmption Space heating Water heating Space cooling Cooking Other (electricity and others energies)

20. 20 Thank you very much for your attention