1. Fundamentals of Biology
What is life???????

2. Do we know?
Biologists have never agreed upon a definition. Soooooooooo………
they describe the properties that living things have in common.

3. Living things

4. The ingredients of life
Beside water, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are necessary for life.
Compounds made up of these three things are known as organic compounds

5. The four main groups of organic molecules
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic acids

6. Carbohydrates Sugars and starches used for energy
Structure – chitin (shells of marine organisms) and cellulose (the main ingredient of wood and plant fibers)

7. Proteins Composed of smaller subunits called amino acids
In addition to C, H, and O proteins contain Nitrogen
Functions: make up muscles, enzymes, hormones, carry oxygen, and even act as antifreeze in Antarctic fishes

8. Lipids Fats, oils and waxes
Functions: energy storage, waterproofing, insulation and help with buoyancy

9. Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA
Functions: store and transmit the basic genetic information of all living things

10. Energy
Photosynthesis – plants produce usable energy (glucose) from the sun, carbon dioxide and nutrients.
Respiration – use the energy formed by plants in addition to oxygen to gain the needed energy to function.

11. Cells Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Prokaryotes – no organelles
Eukaryotes – organelles : nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, golgi apparatus, etc..

13. Life in the sea What is unique about living in the ocean? Salt water
Movement of water – tides and curents
Temperature

14. Dealing with the salt
Diffusion – molecules moving from high concentration to low.
Cells spend most of their energy actively transporting materials opposite the direction of diffusion.

15. Marine fish have the ability to rid their body of excess salt – through their gills and in their urine

16. Temperature
Marine organisms are ectotherms (cold-blooded) or endotherms (warm-blooded).
The organisms have adapted to live in particular temperature ranges where their enzymes would work the best.

17. Reproducing
Sexual – eggs, sperm and fertilization – offspring inherits genes from each parent
Asexual – budding, and fission – all offspring are exact copies of parent

18. Why the diversity?
Theory of evolution – the gradual alteration of a species genetic make-up.
Why does this occur?
Natural Selection – the best adapted individuals produce more offspring

19. Classifying all the organisms
KING PHILLIP CAME OVER FOR GOOD SPAGHETTI
KING PHILLIP CAME OVER FROM GREECE SATURDAY
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

20. Humans
Kingdom  Animalia   (multicellular organisms that eat other organisms; mostly mobile
Phylum  Chordata   (animals with a semi-rigid rod, a notochord, running down its back
Class  Mammalia   (chordates with hair and mammary glands)
Order  Primates   (mammals with well-developed hands and a high level of  intelligence Family  Hominidae   (primates which walk upright on two legs, hands well structured for manipulating objects; cerebrum of the brain is relatively large
Genus  Homo   (tool-using hominids with very large brain
Species  Homo sapiens  (only surviving species of genus Homo)

21. Bottlenose Dolphin Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia
Order  Cetacea
Family  Delphinidae
Genus  Tursiops
Species  Tursiops truncatus