1. Chapter 4 Life in the Marine Environment

2. Energy

3. The ability to do work All living things require energy

4. Metabolism

5. The sum total of all the chemical reaction that take place in an organism

6. Anabolism

7. Reactions that build up Reactions that require energy

8. Catabolism

9. Reactions that break down biomolecules Reactions that give off energy

11. Common atoms found in living things

12. Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen

13. Building Blocks of Life

14. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

15. Carbohydrates Sugars & starches Structure, energy storage, & intermediates in metabolic pathways

16. Lipids Fats & oils Energy storage & membrane structure

17. Proteins Long chain amino acids Every possible use

18. Nucleic Acids DNA & RNA Carrying the genetic code

19. Carbon Fixation

20. Changing atmospheric carbon (CO 2 ) to a usable form CO 2 ----> C 6 H 12 O 6

21. Photosynthesis

22. Using energy from light to convert CO 2 to organic matter (carbon fixation) Anabolic reaction

23. Chlorophyll

24. The main pigment that absorbs sunlight in the photosynthetic process

25. Main Photosynthetic Reaction

26. 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O --------------> C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2

27. Respiration

28. The breakdown of organic matter producing energy, CO 2 & H 2 O Catabolic rxn Reverse of Photo. Rxn

30. Autotrophs

31. Perform carbon fixation Produce their own food

32. Photoautotroph

33. Obtains energy from light to perform carbon fixation Photosynthetic organisms

34. Chemoautotroph

35. Obtains energy from high energy chemicals to perform carbon fixation Chemosynthetic organisms

36. Heterotrophs

37. Cannot produce their own food Must consume food

38. ATP

39. Adenosine triphosphate Energy carrier in living organisms ATP ---> ADP + P + E

40. Primary Production

41. Another name for carbon fixation

42. Primary Producers

43. Make their own food Carbon fixers Autotrophs

44. Consumers

45. Must consume food Heterotrophs

46. Resources

47. Anything an organism needs to survive

48. Nutrients

49. Raw materials other than light, CO 2, O 2, & H 2 O that organisms need to survive

50. Types of Cells

51. Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

52. Prokaryote Primitive Lack organelles No Nucleus

54. Eukaryotic Cells

55. Advanced cells Organelles within membranes Has Nucleus

56. Types of Eukaryotic Cells

57. Plant Cells Animal Cells

58. Plant Cell Has cell walls Has chloroplasts Has huge vacuole

59. Animal Cell Has no cell wall Has no chloroplasts Has smaller vacuoles

61. Levels of Organization

62. AtomSystem MoleculeIndividual OrganellePopulation Cell Community TissueEcosystem Organ

63. Atom Fundamental unit of matter Oxygen, Hydrogen, etc

64. Molecule Group of atoms chemically combined H 2 O, CO 2, C 6 H 12 O 6

65. Organelle Complex structure bound within membrane Nucleus, mitochondria, etc

66. Cell Basic unit of life

67. Tissue Group of cells specialized for the same function Muscle tissue

68. Organ Tissue organized into structures Stomach, heart, etc

69. Organ System A group of organs that work in cooperation Digestive system, etc

70. Individual An organism Human, amoeba, etc

71. Population The number of organisms in a particular species 8,000,000 rats in Baltimore

72. Community All the populations in a habitat Humans, rats, roaches, etc in Baltimore

73. Ecosystem Community of communities bound in a common area Chesapeake Bay Basin

74. Classification of organisms based on mobility

75. Planktonic Nektonic Benthic

76. Planktonic

77. Cannot swim faster than the ocean currents Free floating of free drifting

78. Nektonic

79. Can swim against the currents Free swimming

80. Benthic

81. Bottom dwelling

82. Sessile

83. Attached to a surface

84. Diffusion

85. The movement of particles down an energy gradient hot to cold, etc

87. Osmosis

88. The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane

90. Osmoregulator

91. Organisms that can regulate their internal salt content

93. Osmoconformer

94. Organisms that cannot regulate their internal salt content

95. Endotherm Homeotherm Warm Blooded

96. Organisms that can control their internal body temperature

97. Ectotherm Poikilotherm Cold Blooded

98. Organisms that cannot control their internal body temperature

99. Reproduction

100. The ability of organisms to produce new organisms similar to themselves

101. Modes of Reproduction

102. Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction

103. Asexual Reproduction

104. Reproduction that does not involve a partner Binary fission Budding Vegetative reproduction

105. Binary Fission

106. Mitosis One organism split into 2 identical organisms Cloning

107. Budding

108. Parent cell develops small growth (Bud) that breaks off & becomes new organism

109. Vegetative Reproduction

110. Sending various kinds of runners that take root and sever from the parent to become new individual

111. Germ Tissue

112. Specialized tissue used in sexual reproduction

113. Meiosis

114. Specialized reproduction germ cells perform that divides diploid cells into haploid cells

115. Diploid Cells

116. Normal cells that have two similar sets of chromosomes 2n

117. Haploid Cells

118. Gametes that have only one set of chromosomes 1n or n

119. Gametes

120. The male or female haploid cells Sperm - male Egg - female

121. Gonads

122. The germ tissue that produces haploid cells Ovaries - Female Testes - Male

123. Fertilization

124. The process in which the sperm contacts & fuses with the egg

125. Zygote

126. Fertilized egg

127. Embryo

128. Name for the fertilized egg after cell division begins

129. Heredity

130. The transfer of genetic information from one generation to the next

131. Natural Selection

132. The individuals that have the best adaptive traits have the greatest survival rate Survival of the fittest

133. Evolution

134. Genetic changes over time due to natural selection

135. Phylogeny

136. Evolutionary history of a species

137. Taxonomy

138. Classification of organisms

139. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species

140. Kingdoms

141. Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

142. Archaebacteria

143. Primative bacteria Prokaryotes Thermophiles Halophiles

144. Eubacteria

145. Advanced bacteria True bacteria Prokaryotes

146. Protista

147. Unicellular eukaryotes and multi-cellular algae

148. Fungi

149. Plant like heterotrophs

150. Plantae

151. Complex organisms that perform photosynthesis Have cell walls Have chloroplasts

152. Animalia

153. Complex heterotrophs No cell walls No Chloroplasts