1. Chapter 12 Section 1 colonial rule in southeast Asia
Grace Rihs, Maggie Williams, richie kaminski, alison scaletta & kunjal patel

2. France conquers
Had missionaries operating in Vietnam when the British advanced into Burma
Was alarmed that Britain was trying to monopolize trade
To prevent this from occurring, France forced Vietnam to allow French protection
France continued to seize control of Vietnam
France seized Vietnam’s capital in 1883

3. Great Britain conquers
Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles was sent to find a new colony at the tip of Malay Peninsula
This place is known as Singapore, a major steamship trading post
Great Britain took over Burma to keep control/protect their own possessions in India
By taking over Burma, GB established control over the entire country (modern day Myanmar)

4. United states conquers
Conquered the Philippines from Spanish during the Spanish American War
Turned into an American colony because it would prevent the area from falling under Japanese rule
Philippines gave the US convenient access to trade with China

5. Thailand remains a free state
Thailand was in immediate danger of falling into colonial rule due to the French and British rivalry that spread the new ideas of colonial rule surrounding Thailand.
King Mongkut and his son, King Chulalongkorn, managed to keep Thailand’s economy as it was due to the friendly relationships they had with European powers.
Finally, in 1896, Britain and France agreed to keep Thailand as an Independent Buffer State.

6. Colonial powers govern their colonies
Direct and indirect rule
Goals: to exploit the natural resources of the lands and to open up market for their own manufactured goods

7. Indirect vs. direct rule
Indirect Rule- local rulers were allowed to keep authority and status in new colonial setting made access to region’s natural resources easier cheaper because fewer officials had to be trained affected local culture less not always possible because local elites resisted foreign conquest
Direct Rule: local rulers were replaced with Western Officials
Both indirect and direct can be used----France did in Indonesia

8. Role of the colonized economies
Colonial Policy- a policy of enslavement and exploitation through the military, political, and economic coercion of peoples, countries, and territories—primarily economically less developed ones with populations of another nationality than that of the metropolitan country.
Stressed the exports of raw materials
Led to start of plantation agriculture
Conditions were just as bad as the prior sweat shops
** Benefited industrialized nations because the governments built railroads, highways, and other structures that helped the natives! **

9. Ways people of southeast Asia responded to colonial rule
Many resented colonization
In Burma, the monarch himself fought Western domination.
Sometimes resistance to Western control took the form of peasant revolts.
In Burma, the Buddhist monk Saya San led a peasant uprising against the British colonial regime in 1930.
In the early 1900’s, a new resistance merged that was based on Nationalism. Leaders were often from a new class that the colonial rule had created: Westernized intellectuals in the cities. They were the first to embrace the West.
In the 1930’s, the resistance movements began to demand national independence.

10. similarities of all the nationalist leaders in the 1900’s that spoke out against foreign rule to preserve economic and religious freedoms
In the West, a small group of antiimperialists emerged----some argued that colonialism was a tool of the rich, others called it immoral
Nationalists argued that they were moving toward greater democracy at home, but were imposing undemocratic rule on other people

11. ”New imperialism”
It is the concept of European nations taking control of Southeast Asian territories.
Its primary purpose is to expand the mother country’s economy and to advance against their rivals, or in other words, look strong and superior against other competitive nations