1. Happy valentine’s day

2. Warm Up 2/14
LINCS Cards: Choose four of the following terms that you are unsure of to complete cards on
Bessemer Process
Assembly Line
Monopoly
Vertical Integration
Horizontal Integration
Captain of Industry
Robber Baron
Political Machine

3. Immigration in the Gilded Age
Focus Question: Why did immigrants come to the United States in the Gilded Age and what impact did they have on society?

4. Old vs. New Old Immigrants New Immigrants Protestant Catholic & Jewish
From North & West Europe
Whole families came together
Educated, had some money, had a skill or trade
Settled on farms
New Immigrants
Catholic & Jewish
From South & East Europe
Usually came alone
Unskilled, poor
Settled in cities
The foreign born population of the United States doubles between 1870 and 1900.

5. Why did they come to America?
Pull Factors
-promise of freedom & better life
-factory jobs available
-chance to join family or friends already settled in the U.S.
-Chance at the “American Dream”
Push Factors
-lack of land
-political/religious persecution
-poverty & hardship
-revolution

6. Horatio Alger wrote novels that explained if a person works hard they can go from “rags to riches.”
This convinced many immigrants to come here and believe that they would be wealthy and “live the American Dream”

8. Immigrant v. Emigrant Emigrant is someone leaving their home country
E = exit
Immigrant is someone entering a new country
I= Incoming
Emigrant
Immigrant

9. The Journey Most took a ship across the oceans 1 week from Europe
3 weeks from Japan
Slept in very unsanitary conditions on the boat—usually traveled in steerage. Steerage was crowded and dirty.
Disease spread fast

10. Arrival into the US
To enter, immigrants had to go through an inspection station where officials decided who could stay in the U.S.
Had to pass a physical test, a literacy test and be able to read at least 40 words in English as well as answer questions.

11. Ellis Island Immigrants coming from Europe New York Harbor
Only about 2 % of
immigrants were
denied entry
Thought of as a
“place of hope”

12. Arrival into the US: Angel Island
Asians typically entered on the West Coast at Angel Island (San Fran Bay)
Stricter admitting procedures than Ellis Island
More Difficult Questions
Longer wait and filthy detention centers
Most were turned away

13. The Ethnic City Immigrants are majority in many cities
Chicago – 87%
New York – 80%
Detroit – 84%
Immigrant “Ghettos”
Usually based cultures and practices of native lands

14. Assimilation Assimilation “Americanization” attempts
the merging of cultural traits from previously distinct cultural groups
“Americanization” attempts
Schools – teach English
Employers – insists employees speak English
Churches – encourage assimilation
Stores – force immigrants to adopt some American food/clothing

15. Challenges for Immigrants
Nativism- the belief that native-born white Americans were superior (better than) newcomers.

16. Congress Limits Immigration
Chinese Exclusion Act: prohibited immigration by Chinese workers, limited the civil rights of Chinese immigrants already here, and stopped the naturalization of Chinese residents.
1882: Congress passes an act that prohibits entry of anyone who was a criminal, immoral, poor or likely to need public assistance.

17. Gentleman’s Agreement-1907
Agreement between the U.S. and Japan
USA agrees to accept (not deport) Japanese immigrants already living in the U.S.
Japan agrees to stop issuing passports and allowing people to emigrate to the U.S.
Goal: To stop Japanese immigration (it never passes Congress, though)

18. Simulation Reflection
How were you treated by the immigration inspector? If you were the inspector how did you treat the incoming immigrants?
How did this make you feel?
Do you feel as though you were treated fairly? Or did you treat people fairly?
How do you think this compared with real immigrants experiences?