2. Things I forgot to mention but might come up
Borchert Model of Urban Evolution
Galactic City
Urban Heat Island
BRICS

3. Borchert Model of Urban Evolution
Studied US cities:
Sail-Wagon Epoch (1790–1830),
Iron Horse Epoch (1830–1870), characterized by impact of steam engine technology, and development of steamboats and regional railroad networks.
Steel Rail Epoch (1870–1920), dominated by the development of long haul railroads and a national railroad network.
Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch (1920–1970), saw growth in the gasoline combustion engine
Satellite-Electronic-Jet Propulsion (1970-?), also called the High-Technology Epoch

4. Harris - Galactic City or Edge City Model
An inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by transportation nodes (beltway or ring road).
Represents district decentralization of commercial urban landscape as people move to the Tertiary Sector

5. Galactic model Assumptions
Rapidly growing suburb, and an increasing number or edge cities
Low density of buildings
Highways are used for travel and make the development possible

7. What it has What it needs Large shopping mall Suburban residential
“high-tech” park
Out-of-town theme park
Airport
What it needs
Metro area is more complex
Some suburbs have wealth, some don’t
Some malls are good some bad
Disparity between the rich and poor

8. Examples/applications
San Diego
Los Angeles
Philadelphia
Atlanta
Baltimore
Minneapolis/St. Paul

9. Problems in Urban Areas
Counter urbanization - people move from urban areas to rural areas. It first took place as a reaction to inner-city deprivation and overcrowding.
Decentralization – distribution of authority from a central figure point to other sectors in the city
Centralization – focusing power in one authority (mayor or city manager)
crime, pollution, waste management, congestion
Urban hydrology – how a city deals with getting clean water to its citizens and then removing dirty water and cleaning it before distributing it back into rivers and oceans

10. Problems in Urban Areas
Urban heat island effect – cities are warmer than suburban areas
Affects weather patterns around cities, even moving storms
Due to urban morphology; all the street patterns, structures, and physical form of the city (ex blacktop, brick, stone, metal all hold in heat much longer)

11. BRICS
Acronym for an association of five major emerging national economies:
Brazil
Russia
India
China
South Africa
All are developing or newly industrialized countries, but they are distinguished by their large, fast-growing economies and significant influence on regional and global affairs
3 billion people, or 42% of the world population
approximately 20% of the gross world product