Principles of Government Chapter 1- Analyze the purposes and major forms of government and the concepts behind American democracy. Section 1- Government.

Principles of Government Chapter 1- Analyze the purposes and major forms of government and the concepts behind American democracy. Section 1- Government hold power is every society, but they exercise that power in different ways. Section 2- Governments have various structures and forms from dictatorships to democracies. Section 3- Gov’t American democracy rests on such basic concepts as individual rights and majority rules.

1.1 Section Objective: To understand the purposes for which government exists.
Define government and the basic powers every government holds. Describe the four defining characteristics of the state. Identify four theories that attempt to explain the origin of the state. Understand the purpose of government in the United States and other countries.

Flash Cards Concept/Ideas What are the parts of public policy?
Vocabulary Power Public Policy Legislative Power Executive Power Judicial Power Constitution State Population Sovereignty Legitimacy Authority Government Force Theory Divine Right Theory Evolution Theory Social Contract Theory/Compact Anarchy Monarchy Concept/Ideas What are the parts of public policy? What do you need for a state? What are the theories of the origins of the state? What is the purpose of the US Government? Explain the concepts in the Preamble of the US Constitution.

I. Government and the State
A. What is Government 1. Government – an institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies Government is made up of individuals and institutions that exercise government’s powers a) power-ability to do or act; capability of doing or accomplishing something. Public Policies – what the government decides to do or not to do a) Legislative power – the power to make law and to frame public policies b) Executive power – the power to execute, enforce, and administer laws c) Judicial power – the power to interpret laws, to determine their meaning and to settle disputes that arise within the society d) Constitution – body of fundamental laws setting out the principles, structures, and processes of government (1) Due Process

B. State -group of people with a government
1. Every state HAS the following: a) Population (1) Homogeneous (same- Denmark) or heterogeneous (different- United States) (2) Size (a) San Marino- about 22,000 people (b) China – over one billion people b) Territory Land with known and recognized boundaries (a) San Marino – 24 square miles (b) US - 3,618,700 square miles

c) Sovereignty State has supreme and absolute power within its own territory (a) authority-the right to control, command, or determine (2) Decides its own form of government, economic system, and shapes its own foreign policies (a) legitimate-in accordance with established rules, principles, or standards Who gives sovereignty? d) Government (1) Each state, by definition, is a political organization (2) Government consists of the machinery and the personnel by which the state rules

Is Andersenland a state?
1. Population in Andersenland is ___________ Is the population homogenous or heterogeneous? ___________ 2. Is there a territory? How large is it? 3. Are we Sovereign? If Mr. Willison came in here to tell us what to do, would we listen to him? 4. Do we have a government?

C. Origins of the State The Force Theory – one person or small group claimed control over an area and forced all of it to submit to that person’s or group’s rule Anarchy-political and social disorder due to the absence of governmental control 2. The Evolutionary Theory – Over the years the original family became a network of related families, a clan. In time the clan became a tribe. When the clan became agrarian, the state was born . 3. The Divine Right Theory- God created the state and God had given those of royal birth a “divine right” to rule Monarchy- a hereditary sovereign, as a king, queen, or emperor - leadership follows heredity

4. The Social Contract/Compact Theory – the state evolved out of a voluntary act of free people
Social Contract/Compact: an agreement of behavior Goal: Self Government/Management

Social Compact Activity
Facilitator: ________________________________ Directs the discussion Gets everyone’s answer before your own Make sure everyone is participating Make sure every answer is well- defined Scribe: ________________________________ Writes responses down for the group Guidelines: Don’t number responses Don’t place the responses in sections Have one continuous list Use key words or phrases Write large enough to be read across the room Every time a word is duplicated, use a check mark with a different color Do not write while the spokes person is reporting No doodling on document Spokesperson: ________________________________ Speaks for group Time Keeper: ________________________________ Keep track of time On-Task Person: ________________________________ Keeps group focused on the task at hand Affirmer: ________________________________ Acknowledges and supports the group/individual answers

Social Contract/Compact: an agreement of behavior
Goal: Self Government/Management Directions: Come up with two or more good/honest answers for the following questions. Define one word answers: describe it, what does it look like, feel like, sound like..... How do you want to be treated by me (Ms. Andersen)? ______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Notes: How do you want to be treated by each other? _____________________________________ How do you think I (Ms. Andersen) wants to be treated by you? _______________________ How do we want to treat each other when there is conflict? ___________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Why did I have you do this activity?

Assignment Group work on “Origins of the State” (cannot be made up).
You will be assigned a group and a theory of how states developed (page 7-8). In your group, you will create a fun, informative and entertaining infomercial on that assigned theory. Everyone must actively participate in the presentation. Infomercial should take no longer than three minutes.

D. The Purpose of Government
We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. (Preamble of the United States of America) Directions: take each phrase and write what it means. If you need help use pages 9-10.

We the People of the United States,
in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. Are all of these concepts necessary for a government? Are there any other concepts that should be added? What core democratic values are discussed?

Define systems of government based on who can participate.
1.2 Section Objective: To understand the major forms of government in the world today. Classify governments according to three sets of characteristics/criteria. Identify different ways that power can be distributed, geographically, within a state. Describe a government by how power is distributed between the legislative and executive branches of government. Define systems of government based on who can participate.

Flash Cards Unitary Government Federal Government Ideology
Confederation Division of Powers Presidential Government Parliamentary Government Branch Executive Branch Legislative Branch Delegated Power Expressed Powers Implied Powers Inherent Powers Reserved Powers Coalition Dictatorship Authoritarian Autocracy Oligarchy Military Junta Theocratic or Theocracy Democracy Direct Democracy Indirect Democracy Civil Disobedience Ideology Political Party Aristocracy Republic Constitutional Republic Pluralism/Pluralistic Society Fascism and Fascist Communism and Communist Socialism and Socialist Political Spectrum Concept/Ideas What are the three characteristics to classify a state? What are the three questions you ask when you analyze a state? What are the types of geographic distribution of power? What classifications happen on the relationship between the legislative and executive branches What classification happens when you look at the number that can participate in government.

II. Forms of Government A. Classifying Government today 1. No two governments are alike 2. Governments are classified in order to analyze them 3. They can be classified using three criteria a) Geographic distribution of power b) Relationship between the legislature and the executive branches c) Number that can participate

B. Geographic Distribution of Governmental Power Within the State Where is the power?/ What level is the power? 1. Central- the level of government that controls all of the state (the whole country) 2. Local- the level of government that controls one part of the state (a small part of the country)

Which is the central and local levels in Canada?
Ottawa Local: British Columbia- Victoria Alberta- Edmonton

Which level of government tells the other levels of government what to do? Who is the boss?
3. Arrows symbolize the way communications is given

4. Unitary Government- all governmental power is held by a central government a) Central government creates local units for the governments convenience b) Most governments are this form: Afghanistan. Albania ,Abkhazia, Algeria, Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belize ,Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, People's Republic of China, Colombia, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa), Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan ,Jordan ,Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, North Korea, Norway, Oman, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Smoa, San Marin, São Tomé and Príncipe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Syria, Republic of China (Taiwan), Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vatican City, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Where is the geographic distribution of power
Where is the geographic distribution of power? How is communication done? Who tells whom what to do? Directions: Draw the arrow that shows communication or power between the central and local units in a unitary system. Central Local

Central Local

(a) expressed (enumerated) powers- spelled out in the Constitution
5. Federal Government- governmental powers are divided between central and local units a) World Federal Governments: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Germany, India, Malaysia, Mexico, Russia, Switzerland, United States (1) The U. S. National Government has Delegated Powers- powers granted to it by the Constitution (a) expressed (enumerated) powers- spelled out in the Constitution (i) Congress’ power to coin money (b) implied powers (Necessary and Proper Clause)- not expressly stated in the Constitution but are reasonably suggest or implied by the expressed powers. (i) build the interstate highway (c) inherent powers- powers belonging to a sovereign state with in the world community. (i) regulate immigration

(2) The 50 States have the rest of the
(2) The 50 States have the rest of the powers called reserved powers- the powers that the constitution does not grant to the National Government and does not, at the same time, deny to the States. (a) licenses- doctors, lawyers, teaching, hairdressers… (3)The division of powers is set out by the Constitution and the Constitution stands above the National Government and the State (4)Both the National Government and the States have to agree in order to change the balance of power by amending the constitution

Where is the geographic distribution of power? How is communication done? Who tells whom what to do? Directions: Draw the arrow that shows communication or power between the central and local units in a federal system. Central Local

Central Local

6. Confederate Government- an alliance of independent states
a) The central unit has the power to handle only those matters that the local units have assigned to it (1) Current: European Union (EU), United Nations (UN) (2) Historical: Serbia and Montenegro ( ), New England Confederation (1643–1684), Articles of Confederation (1781–1789), Confederate States of America (1861–1865) (b) This makes a very weak central government

Where is the geographic distribution of power? How is communication done? Who tells whom what to do? Directions: Draw the arrow that shows communication or power between the central and local units in a confederate system called a confederation. Central Local

Central Local

Practice Time! Analyze these governments. Write the type of geographic distribution of power in the blank and underline the passage in the text that supports it. What are your vocabulary choices? What words are you looking for? What question are you asking?

Example 1- work with a partner.
Denmark is a country that has a Queen, and it is one of the richest countries in the world. The political leader is the majority leader of the party in power. That party will stay in power as long as the general public keeps voting that party in as the majority. However, the head of the party will have to resign if a coalition is formed. The local units take pride in that they follow what the national government directs them to do to keep Denmark strong.

Example 1- answer Unitary

Example 2- try by yourself, then discuss with your partner.
In Andersenland, the leader was chosen by a few of the general population and runs the government ignoring the separate legislative branch. She tells all of the local units of government what to do and she crushes the people that try to criticize her.

Example 2 answer Unitary

Example 3- try by yourself
Britney Spears (Region #1), Jennifer Lopez (Region #2), Adam Sandler (Region #3) and Tom Hanks (Region #4) are popularly elected members of their respective states. The separately elected leader of the country (Roy Rogers) does not have anything to do until the four Regions decide to meet and do something at the national level.

Example 3 answer- Confederate

C. Relationship between legislative and executive branches (branch- arm of the government) Does the legislative branch or the executive branch have the power? Who tells whom what to do? 1. legislative branch is the elected law-making branch of government that initiate and rescind laws and is the only authority able to approve proposed laws 2. executive branch is the administrative arm of government that implements policies and enforces the laws

3. Presidential Government
a) Separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches of government b) Each branch is independent and coequal c) The president is elected separately from the legislative branch, has fixed terms, and checks the legislative branch Senators John McCain, Carl Levin and John Warner

In Andersenland: Who was elected President?___________
Who voted that person in?________ Where does the President sit?________ Where does the Legislative sit? ________ Draw what happened. Where are people sitting?

4. Parliamentary Government
The executive branch consists of members of the legislative branch The Prime Minister or Premier is the majority party leader or coalition leader 1. coalition- when two or more political parties join together to become the majority party to gain leadership They remain in power as long as their policies and administration have the confidence of the majority of parliament Most governments are Parliamentary British Parliament Building Gordon Brown Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Took office: 27 June 2007 Labour Party

In Andersenland: Who was elected Prime Minister?____________
Who voted that person in?________ Where does the Prime Minister sit?________ Where does the Legislative sit? _________ What other thing happened? _________ Draw what happened now. Where are people sitting? Draw what happened. Where are people sitting?

Practice Time! Analyze these governments. Write the correct relationship between the legislative and executive branches in the blank and underline the passage in the text that supports it. What are your vocabulary choices? What are you looking for? What question are you asking?

Example 1- answer Parliamentary

Example 2 answer Presidential

Example 3 answer-Presidential

D. The Number Who Can Participate How many people have the power
D. The Number Who Can Participate How many people have the power? One, a few, everyone? Locke Descartes

1. Dictatorship a) A government is not accountable to its people
b) All dictators are authoritarian governmental systems in which those in power hold absolute authority over the people c) Totalitarian – They exercise dictatorial power over just about every aspect of human affairs (atomization of society) (1)Stalin, Pol Pot ( ) and the Khmer Rough (2)You name one _____________ d) Dictatorships can be monolithic types in which one person is in charge- autocracy (Libya – Qaddafi) e) They can be a group- oligarchy (1) Military junta- a group of military officers who rule a country after seizing power as in Haiti (a) you give an example (2) Theocratic- a system of government by religious leaders claiming a divine commission as in Iran

2. Democratic- the authority rests with the people
a) the Gettysburg Address ( 1863) Abraham Lincoln at the time of the Gettysburg Address. On November 19, 1863, a dedication service was held for the new military cemetery at Gettysburg. The main speaker was the famous orator Edward Everett, whose stirring speech lasted two hours. When he sat down, a second figure rose to address the crowd. In a mere ten lines, Lincoln eloquently honored the dead of both sides and summarized the Union's purpose in fighting the war . Contrary to popular myth, his speech was well received at the time and became one of the most famous discourses in all of human history. In the picture, one researcher has said that Lincoln is the bareheaded man whose blurred image is to the right (our left) of the tall man wearing a top hat in the center of the crowd. Read the background information in the student packet, watch the video, use the document to answer the questions in the packet.

b) Direct Democracy (pure democracy)
b) Direct Democracy (pure democracy) (1)Everyone votes on public policies (2)New England Town Meetings c) Indirect Democracy (representative democracy) (1) A small group of persons are chosen by the people to act as their representatives in which they express the popular will (a) Senator Levin, Senator Stabenow or Representative Camp (2) "Government by the consent of the governed," is a concept that was advanced by Rousseau in his "Social Contract," Thomas Jefferson, further advanced Rousseau's concept in the "Declaration of Independence," which states, "Governments are instituted among men, deriving their just Powers from the Consent of the Governed.”

Practice Time! Analyze these governments. Tell me
the number that can participate and write it in the blank. Also underline the passage in the text that supports it. What are your vocabulary choices? What are you looking for? What question are you asking?

Example 1- answer Democracy
Denmark is a country that has a Queen, and it is one of the richest countries in the world. The political leader is the majority leader of the party in power. That party will stay in power as long as the general public keeps voting that party in as the majority. However, the head of the party will have to resign if a coalition is formed. The local units take pride in that they follow what the national government directs them to do to keep Denmark strong. Is it a direct or indirect form?

Example 2 answer Dictator
In Andersenland, the leader was chosen by a few of the general population and runs the government ignoring the separate legislative branch. She tells all of the local units of government what to do and she crushes the people that try to criticize her. Is it an autocracy or an oligarchy?

Example 3 answer Democracy
Britney Spears (Region #1), Jennifer Lopez (Region #2), Adam Sandler (Region #3) and Tom Hanks (Region #4) are popularly elected members of their respective states. The separately elected leader of the country (Roy Rogers) does not have anything to do until the four Regions decide to meet and do something at the national level. Is it a representative or pure democracy?

e) Civil Disobedience (1) is the active, peaceful, professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government or of an occupying international power (2) commonly, though not always, defined as being nonviolent resistance (3) it could be said that it is compassion in the form of respectful disagreement

E. Types of Governments/ Ways Society Organizes Itself
Ideology a) Political Ideology is a certain ethical set of ideals, principles, doctrines, myths, or symbols of a social movement, institution, class, or large group that explains how society should work, and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order (b) A political ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used (c) it’s what you believe in 2. Political Party a) people who join together because they share similar political viewpoints (ideology) for the purpose of influencing the government

3. Aristocracy a) a class of persons holding exceptional rank and privileges (1)the hereditary nobility b) a government or state ruled by an aristocracy, elite, or privileged upper class c) What type of classification would this go with? d) you give examples 4. Republic a) a state in which the supreme power rests in the body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by representatives chosen directly or indirectly by them b) a state in which the head of government is not a monarch or other hereditary head of state

5. Constitutional Republic
a) constitutional republic is a state where the head of state and other officials are elected as representatives of the people, and must govern according to existing constitutional law that limits the government's power over citizens. In a constitutional republic, executive, legislative, and judicial powers are separated into distinct branches and the will of the majority of the population is tempered by protections for individual rights so that no individual or group has absolute power. The fact that a constitution exists that limits the government's power makes the state constitutional. That the head(s) of state and other officials are chosen by election, rather than inheriting their positions, and that their decisions are subject to judicial review makes a state republican; should the judicial review be maximized. b) John Adams defined a constitutional republic as "a government of laws, and not of men.“ c) What type of classification would this go with? d) you give examples

6. Pluralism a) in the general sense, the acknowledgment of diversity b) In democratic politics, pluralism is a guiding principle which permits the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions and lifestyles 7. Fascism a) a governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all industry, commerce, etc., and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism (political extreme right) b) Fascist- a person who believes in or sympathizes with fascism c) What type of classification would this go with? d) you give examples

8. Communism a) a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state (political extreme left) b) a system of social organization in which all economic and social activity is controlled by a totalitarian state dominated by a single and self-perpetuating political party. c) Communist- a person belonging to or believes in communism d) What type of classification would this go with? e) you give examples 9. Socialism a) a theory or system of social organization that advocates the vesting of the ownership (employees ownership) and control of the means of production and distribution, of capital, land, etc., in the community as a whole (politically left) b) Socialist- a person who believes in or emphasizes with Socialism c) What type of classification would this go with? d) you give examples

In politics, left-wing, the political left and the Left are terms applied to a variety of political beliefs which have different meanings in different countries. In the United States, left-wing is often used as a descriptor for the Democratic Party, which is more socially liberal (support heavier taxation and regulation of society, and more state enterprises) In politics, right-wing, the political right and the Right are terms applied to a variety of political beliefs which have different meanings in different countries. In the United States, right-wing is often used as a descriptor for the Republican Party which is more socially conservative (political or moral ideology that believes the government has a role in encouraging or enforcing traditional values or behaviors based on the belief that these are what keep people civilized and decent . They also believe that government should not be interfere with the economy.

1.3 Section Objective: To understand the major concepts of American democracy.
Understand the foundations of democracy. Analyze the connections between. democracy and the free enterprise system. Identify the role of the Internet in a democracy.

Flash Cards Concept/Ideas
Vocabulary Compromise Free enterprise system Law of Supply and Demand Mixed Economy Worth of the Individual Equality of All Persons Majority Rule, Minority Rights Necessity of Compromise Individual Freedom Concept/Ideas American concept of democracy rest on what basic notions? What is the connection between democracy and the free enterprise system?

III. Basic Concepts of Democracy
A. The fate of American democracy rest on the people’s acceptance of certain basic concepts. 1. Worth of the Individual a) Democracy insist on the worth and dignity of all b) every person has a usefulness or Importance regardless of their background 2. All Persons are Created Equal a) Equality of opportunity- no one should be held back because of race, color, religion, gender, or sexual preference b) Equal before law c) Not equal in talent, but the chance to prove yourself Petra Lovetinska, left, and Jeanie Mentavlos, center, read their newly issued Citadel cadet guide books as Senior Regimental Commander Bryant Butler shouts commands Aug. 26, 1996, the first day of freshman military training at The Citadel in Charleston, S.C. Photo by PAULA ILLINGWORTH/AP

3. Majority Rule and Minority Rights
a) Democracy searches for satisfactory solutions to public problems b) Democracy argues that the majority will be right more often than wrong c) The minority has the right to become by fair and lawful means the majority d) Give an example when the minority has swayed the majority until the minority became the majority in the United States _____________________________

4. Necessity of Compromise
a) Give and take among the various competing interests b) Essential part of the democratic concept for two reasons: (1) Democracy puts individuals first, however each individual is the equal to all other (2) Because most public policy have more than two sides, compromise is necessary 5. Individual Freedom “The right to swing my fist ends where the other man’s nose begins” Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes a) Each individual needs to be as free to do as he or she pleases as far as the freedom of all will allow b) Anarchy- the total absence of Government

B. Democracy and the Free Enterprise
1. Free enterprise system- economic system characterized by the private ownership of capital goods, investments made by private decision, not by government directive, and success or failure determined by competition in the market place 2. How the System Works a) Law of supply and demand- when goods and supplies go up the prices drop; when supplies drop prices go up

3. Government and the Free Enterprise System
a) “The legitimate object of government, is to do for a community of people, whatever they need to have done, but can not do, at all, or can not, so well do, for themselves- in their separate, and individual capacities.” Abraham Lincoln, July 1,1851 b) Mixed economy- private enterprise exists in combination with a considerable amount of government regulation and promotion c) Government participation in economy is to: Protect the public and to preserve private enterprise

C. Democracy and the Internet
1) Democracy demands that the people be widely informed about their government a) Thus democracy and the Internet would seem to be made for each other

Principles of Government Chapter 1- Analyze the purposes and major forms of government and the concepts behind American democracy. Section 1- Government.

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Principles of Government Chapter 1- Analyze the purposes and major forms of government and the concepts behind American democracy. Section 1- Government.

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