1. World War II: The Rise of Dictators
Warm Up: Define the following using the TEXTBOOK!!
Totalitarian state 2. Dictator
3. Appeasement

2. Totalitarian State: Government in which a one party dictatorship regulates every aspect of citizens’ lives.
Dictator: Ruler who has complete control over a government
Appeasement: Policy of giving in to an aggressor’s demands in order to keep the peace.

3. After WWI
In the two decades following World War I, a wave of economic and political crises swept the globe. While many people spent the 1920s trying to cope with the uncertainties of the postwar world, by 1929 they suddenly faced a much greater problem.
That year, the stock market in the United States crashed. Because so many war-torn nations had come to depend on financial help from America, the stock market’s collapse triggered a worldwide economic depression that left millions around the globe jobless and hungry. In response to the turmoil, some nations turned to fascist dictators, who promised order and stability. Not content to merely rule a country, however, these dictators soon looked to conquer other lands.

4. Russian Revolution
Tsar Nicholas II of Russia was overthrown by a series of revolutions.
Nicholas resigned and he and all of his family were murdered by the revolutionaries.
Vladimir Lenin and the Communist Party took control of the country.
Farm and factory collectives created under Lenin.

5. The Great Depression Worldwide Economic Depression Long-Term Effects
Nazis take control in Germany.
Fascists come to power in other countries. (Italy)
Democracies try social welfare programs. (US, Great Britain)
Japan expands in East Asia.
World War II breaks out.
America attempts neutrality.
Immediate Effects
Millions become unemployed worldwide.
Businesses go bankrupt.
Governments take emergency measures to protect economies.
Citizens lose faith in capitalism and democracy.
Nations turn toward authoritarian leaders.

6. Joseph Stalin
Stalin had his competition killed to become leader of Russia
Stalin – Dictator of Communist Russia
Turned Russia into a totalitarian state.
Conducted purges of his enemies.
Built up Russian factories and collective farms after the Russian Revolution.

7. Fascists Come to Power in Italy
Italy in a deep financial depression after WWI
Mussolini promised order and prosperity
Introduced “fascism”
Fascism: characterized by dictatorship, centralized control of private enterprise, repression of opposition, and extreme nationalism
Used “Black Shirts” to impose his rule.
Invades Ethiopia
Makes a pact with Hitler

8. The Rise of Militarism SECTION 3 Hitler’s Rise to Power in Germany
Hitler claims dictatorial powers; Hitler crushes political opposition.
Hitler is appointed chancellor of Germany
The Nazi Party wins 40% of the vote in national elections.
Hitler’s views win him many supporters.

9. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany
Weimar Republic politically weak and unpopular
Huge inflation
Two revolutions against Weimar Republic. Once Hitler tried to seize power unsuccessfully. Went to jail.
Huge inflation and Great Depression
Hitler forms Nazi Party, promises reform, is elected as Chancellor in 1933
Becomes dictator by 1934

10. Hitler’s Aggression to 1939

11. Hitler’s Third Reich Totalitarian State – Nazis controlled all.
Huge public works programs
Big business and labor under government control
Built up military
Set aside Versailles Treaty and moved military into the Rhineland
Indoctrinated the youth
Hitler despised Christianity and began to close churches
Jews were persecuted as enemies of the state

12. Events of World War II Pacific Europe 1936 1937 1938 1931
Japan invades Manchuria
March 1936
Hitler marches troops into the Rhineland
1937
1937
Japan invades China
April 1937
Germany attacks Guernica, Spain
1938
March 1938
Germany invades Austria
September 1938
Germany invades the Sudetenland

13. Events of World War II Europe Pacific 1939 1940 1941 Aug. 1939
March Germany invades Czechoslovakia
Aug. 1939
Nonaggression pact between Germany and the Soviet Union
Sept. 1939
Germany invades Poland; World War II begins
1940
May 1940
Evacuation of British forces at Dunkirk
June 1940
France surrenders; the Battle of Britain begins
1941
December 1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor. US declares war on Japan.

14. Europe at WAR

15. The Alliance System in 1942 Allied Powers Axis Powers Great Britain
France
Russia
United States
Axis Powers
Germany
Italy
Japan
Ottoman Empire

16. Hitler’s Third Reich Totalitarian State – Nazis controlled all.
Huge public works programs
Big business and labor under government control
Built up military
Set aside Versailles Treaty and moved military into the Rhineland
Jews were persecuted as enemies of the state

17. Hitler and Stalin Stalin – Dictator of Communist Russia
Turned Russia into a totalitarian state.
Conducted purges of his enemies.
Entered into a nonaggression pact with Hitler in August of 1939 to invade and partition (divide in half) Poland.
The honeymoon was over in September of 1939 when Hitler overran ALL of Poland.
Stalin and Russia joined the Allies.

18. THE ALLIED AND AXIS POWERS–STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
SECTION 1
Early Difficulties
THE ALLIED AND AXIS POWERS–STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
The Allied Powers
advantage: the United States had tremendous production capacity
advantage: the Soviet Union had vast manpower
advantage: Britain and the Soviet Union had not been defeated
disadvantage: faced a long, drawn-out fight on several fronts
disadvantage: enemy held firm control of conquered area spread over an enormous area—both in Europe and the Pacific
The Axis Powers
advantage: better prepared for war
advantage: had firm control over invaded areas
advantage: had been rearmed since the 1930s
advantage: already had airfields, barracks, and military training centers
advantage: economies ready for war
disadvantage: had to defend multiple fronts

19. World War II: The Rise of Dictators
Define “kamikaze”

20. War Breaks Out SECTION 4 The Response to Fascism
U.S. Congress passes neutrality laws.
European nations speed up rearmament.
The Response to Fascism
European leader adopt a policy of appeasement.
Soviets and the United States mend fences.

21. Victory in Europe SECTION 3 THE WAR IN EUROPE Fighting in the Atlantic
• Axis attacks took a huge Allied toll
• with sonar, Allies turned the tide in 1943
• sea dominance allowed the Allied to protect cargo ships and bomb Axis vessels
Fighting in the Air
• as with the Battle of the Atlantic, 1943 was an important year
• Allies conducted strategic bombing to destroy important German cities
The Normandy Invasion
• took place on June 6, 1944
• Allies needed to invade German-occupied France
• created a dummy invasion as a decoy
• stormed the beach with high casualties but ultimate success

22. The War in the Pacific
Late 1930s – Japan attacks China for oil resources and territory
1940 – Japan conquers French Indochina and continues takeover of Pacific Islands.
December, 1941 – Japan attacks Pearl Harbor.
US enters the war.

23. Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941
The Japanese bomb US naval and air bases in Hawaii in a surprise attack.
America declares war on Japan.
Hitler declares war on the US.
US declare wars on Hitler and Germany.

24. Hirohito and Tojo in Japan
Hirohito – Supreme Emperor and God of Japan.
Hirohito little more than a figurehead
Tojo – Military dictator
Tojo controlled military operations and Japanese imperialism
Emperor Hirohito

25. Hirohito and Tojo in Japan
Hirohito – Supreme Emperor and God of Japan.
Hirohito little more than a figurehead
Tojo – Military dictator
Tojo controlled military operations and Japanese imperialism
Tojo

27. WWII Overview
World War II began in Europe with the German blitzkrieg, or lightning war, against Poland in September of By June of 1940, Germany had conquered most of western Europe. In June of 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union. On December 7, 1941, Germany’s ally, Japan, launched a surprise attack on the United States—an act that drew America into the war. Eventually, the Allies turned the tide of the conflict against Germany and Japan.
In the Pacific, Allied forces won a major victory in the Battle of Midway and began to recapture territory from the Japanese. In Europe, the Soviet Union captured the German army that besieged Stalingrad in February of The Allies opened a western front in Europe by landing in Normandy in June of 1944, and the combined pressure on two fronts drove Germany to surrender in May of Two atomic bombs dropped on Japan in August forced the Japanese to surrender in September of 1945.

28. Pacific Europe 1941 1942 1943 Events of World War II Dec. 1941
Japanese attack Pearl Harbor; U.S. declares war on Japan
1941
June 1941
Germany invades the Soviet Union
Apr. 1942
Allies surrender in Philippines; Bataan Death March begins
1942
Aug. 1942
Hitler orders attack on Stalingrad
May 1942
Allies turn back Japanese fleet in Battle of the Coral Sea
Nov. 1942
Allies land in North Africa
June 1942
Allies defeat Japan in Battle of Midway
1943
Feb. 1943
Germans surrender at Stalingrad
Feb. 1943
Japanese abandon the island
of Guadalcanal

29. Jewish Women and Children in Belsen Concentration Camp During the advance of the 2nd Army, the huge concentration camp at Belsen was relieved. Some 60,000 civilians, mostly suffering from typhus, typhoid, and dysentry were dying in their hundreds daily, despite the frantic efforts being made by medical services rushed to the camp. The camp was declared a neutral area before allies arrived, and the allied Military Government stood to reach the camp at the earliest possible moment, only to be faced by the most indescribable scenes--60,000 people starving and without water for over six days. The camp was littered with the dead and dying, and on closer investigation, it was discovered that the huts capable of housing about 30 people in many cases were holding as many as 500. It was impossible to estimate the number of dead among them. The others were too weak to remove the bodies, so they just had to remain.

30. The Final Solution

31. Hiroshima and Nagasaki