1. Chapter 28: The Reproductive System Bio 211 lecture notes

2. Gametogenesis Mitosis produces identical diploid cells
Common all over the body
Meiosis produces non-identical haploid cells (Gametes)
Gametogenesis occurs in males inside the __________.
Gametogenesis occurs in females inside the __________.

3. Hormonal Regulation in Males
Figure 28–12

4. Hormonal Regulation of Ovarian Activity
Figure 28–25

5. Female Reproductive Cycle

6. Aging and the Reproductive System
Female reproductive system:
changes associated with menopause
Male reproductive system:
changes associated with andropause
occurs gradually, over longer time period

7. Perimenopause Is the interval immediately preceding menopause
Ovarian and uterine cycles become irregular:
due to shortage of primordial follicles
estrogen levels decline
ovulation is not triggered

8. Menopause
Circulating concentrations of estrogens and progesterone decline
Production of GnRH, FSH, and LH rises sharply b/c Estrogen levels decline

9. Decline in Estrogen Levels
Leads to:
reduction in uterus and breast size
thinning of urethral and vaginal epithelia
reduction in bone deposition (osteoporosis)

10. Andropause Also called male climacteric
Is the period of declining reproductive function
Circulating testosterone begins to decline between ages 50-60
Circulating FSH and LH increase
Sperm production continues
Sexual activity gradually decreases with declining testosterone levels

11. Successful Function of Male Reproductive System
Sperm count must be adequate
Semen must have correct pH and nutrients
Erection and ejaculation must function properly

12. Successful Function of Female Reproductive System
Ovarian and uterine cycles must coordinate properly
Ovulation and oocyte transport must occur normally
Environment of reproductive tract must support:
survival and movement of sperm
fertilization of oocyte