1. WWW, ISP, URL, Search the Web
Chapter 2 – Page 35 – 66 of Textbook using Information Technology by Williams and Sawyer, fifth edition, ISBN
To the instructor:
This presentation attempts to cover every term in the text, sometimes via a slide, sometimes via the Notes page.
Additional material beyond what is in the text is presented via:
Occasional “FACTOID” notations on the Notes page, and;
Occasional hyperlinks in the slides themselves. ScreenTip text has been added to each hyperlink allowing you to see in advance of selecting the hyperlink where that link will take you.
In addition, the last ~20 slides are questions covering the material just presented. They can be used to increase interaction between the instructor and students at the end of each lecture, to ensure students understand the material just presented, etc.
Finally, some of the Notes pages include “Discussion questions” for use in encouraging student interaction during the lecture.
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2. The Internet & the World Wide Web Exploring Cyberspace
2.1 Choosing Your Internet Access Device & Physical Connection: The Quest for Broadband
2.2 Choosing Your Internet Service Provider (ISP)
2.3 Sending & Receiving
2.4 The World Wide Web
2.5 The Online Gold Mine: More Internet Resources, Your Personal Cyberspace, E-Commerce, & the E-conomy
Key Questions (from the text):
2.1 Choosing Your Internet Access Device & Physical Connection: The Quest for Broadband. What are the means of connecting to the Internet, and how fast are they?
2.2 Choosing Your Internet Service Provider (ISP). What is an Internet service provider, and what kinds of services do ISPs provide?
2.3 Sending & Receiving . What are the options for obtaining software, what are the components of an address, and what are netiquette and spam?
2.4 The World Wide Web. What are websites, web pages, browsers, URLs, and search engines?
2.5 The Online Gold Mine: More Internet Resources, Your Personal Cyberspace, E-Commerce, & the E-conomy. What are FTP, Telnet, newsgroups, real-time chat, and e-commerce?
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2.1 Choosing Your Internet Access Device & Physical Connection: The Quest for Broadband
Bandwidth - an expression of how much data can be sent through a communications channel in a given amount of time
Broadband - very high speed connection
Physical connection - the wired or wireless means of connecting to the Internet.
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Download - to transmit data from a remote computer to a local computer
Upload - to transmit data from a local computer to a remote computer
Transmission speeds:
Bps - bits per second.
Kbps - kilobits per second, or 1000 bits per second.
Mbps - megabits per second, or 1 million bits per second.
FACTOID: The prefix “mega” in “megabits” comes from the Greek word “megas” meaning “mighty” or “great.”
Gbps - gigabits per second, or 1 billion bits per second.
FACTOID: The prefix “giga” in “gigabits” comes from a Greek word meaning “giant.”
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Telephone (Dial-Up) Modem: Low Speed but Inexpensive & Widely Available
Modem - device that sends and receives data over telephone lines to and from computers
Most modems today have a maximum speed of 56 Kbps.
Using a modem and phone line to establish a connection to the Internet is called making a dial-up connection.
FACTOID: Just 20 years ago, most modems operated at a speed of only 300 bps. What a difference!
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6. High-Speed Phone Lines: More Expensive but Available in Most Cities
ISDN - hardware and software that allows voice, video, and data to be communicated over traditional copper-wire telephone lines, up to 128K bps
DSL - also uses regular phone lines but much faster than ISDN, could be up to 2 Mbps
T1 - a traditional trunk line that carries 24 normal telephone circuits and has a transmission rate of 1.5 Mbps
T2 – 6 Mbps
Transmission speeds:
ISDN Kbps
DSL Mbps download; Kbps upload
T Mbps
Generally used by corporate, government, & academic sites.
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Cable Modem: Close Competitor to DSL
Cable modem - connects a personal computer to a cable-TV system that offers an Internet connection
Wireless Systems: Satellite & Other Through-the-Air Connections
Satellite
Radio waves between cellular towers
Cable modem:
Always “on” (like DSL)
Download transmission speed of 10 Mbps
Upload transmission speed of 500 Kbps
Subject to slowdowns during peak-load times
Communications satellite -- a space station that transmits radio waves called microwaves from earth-based stations.
Satellite:
Download transmission speed of 400 Kbps
Upload transmission still via phone line
Genuine two-way service under development
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8. 2.2 Choosing Your Internet Service Provider (ISP)
ISP - a company that connects you through your communications line to its servers, or central computer, which connect you to the Internet via another company’s network access points
Example, netvigator, icable etc.
Well-known ISPs:
AOL (America Online)
Earthlink
Microsoft Network (MSN)
AT&T WorldNet
Prodigy
POP (Point of Presence) - your ISP’s local access number for your area.
Log on - make connection to the remote computer of your ISP.
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9. 2.3 Sending & Receiving E-Mail E-Mail Software & Carriers
Buy software
Get program as part of other computer software (such as browser)
Get software as part of your ISP package
Get free services
Discussion question:
How many of you have a free account? What are its advantages? What are its disadvantages?
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Addresses
User name: dcykcho
Domain name: cityu
Top-level domain: .edu
Two-letter country extension: .hk
Domain - a location on the Internet.
Tips about addresses:
Type addresses carefully
Use the “reply” command when responding
Use the “address book” feature
Deal with each reply only once
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11. Netiquette: Appropriate Online Behavior
Consult FAQs
Avoid flaming
Don’t SHOUT!
Netiquette (network etiquette) - guides to appropriate online behavior.
FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) - documents that explain expected norms of online behavior for a particular group.
Flaming - writing an online message that uses derogatory, obscene, or inappropriate language.
Emoticons - keyboard-produced pictorial representations of expressions.
Emoticons
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12. Netiquette: Appropriate Online Behavior
Avoid sloppiness but avoid criticizing others’ sloppiness
Don’t send huge file attachments, unless requested
When replying, quote only the relevant portion!
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13. Spam: Unwanted Junk E-Mail
Delete without opening the message
Never reply to a spam message!
Enlist the help of your ISP or use spam filters
Fight back
Spam - unsolicited in the form of advertising or chain letters.
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2.4 The World Wide Web
Q: What makes the Web graphically inviting?
A: Multimedia
Q: What makes the Web easily navigable?
A: Hypertext
Multimedia (from “multiple media”) - technology that presents information in more than one medium, including text graphics, animation, video, and sound.
Hypertext - a system in which documents scattered across many Internet sites are directly linked--with hyperlinks--so that a word or phrase in one document becomes a connection to a document in a different place.
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) - the set of special instructions (called “tags”) that are used to specify document structure, formatting, and links to other multimedia documents.
FACTOID: Give the students a demo of a real Web page and how to view its HTML via View=>Source from the browser. is a fairly simply site which works well for this demo.
HTML & resulting page
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The Web & How It Works
Website--the domain on the computer
Site - a computer with a domain name
Example: cityu
Website - the location of a web domain name in a computer somewhere on the Internet
Discussion question:
What are the implications of cybersquatting? (Domain name speculation)
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The Web & How It Works
Web pages--the documents on a website
Web page - a document on the WWW that can include text, pictures, sound, and video
Example: City University of Hong Kong CityU
Home page - welcome page which identifies the website and contains links to other pages at the site.
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The Web & How It Works
Browsers--software for connecting with websites
Web browser - software that enables users to view web pages and to jump from one page to another
Best-known browsers:
Microsoft’s Internet Explorer
Netscape Navigator
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The Web & How It Works
URLs--addresses for web pages
Protocol :
Domain name: personal.cityu.edu.hk
Directory name: ~dcykcho
File name: index.htm
URL (Universal Resource Locator) - a string of characters that points to a specific piece of information anywhere on the WWW.
Protocol - a set of communication rules for exchanging information.
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) - the communications rules that allow browsers to connect with web servers.
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19. Using Your Browser to Get Around the Web
Home page - the first page you see when you start up your browser
Getting around:
Back - takes you back to the previous page
Forward - takes you to a page you returned from
Home - takes you to your home page
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20. Using Your Browser to Get Around the Web
History list - list accessible from browser’s toolbar that allows you to return to a page you have recently visited
Bookmarks or favorites - your favorite URLs stored in a list to permit frequent visits without retyping the URLs
Simultaneous viewing of two pages via File menu’s “New” item
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21. Using Your Browser to Get Around the Web
Interactivity--hyperlinks, radio buttons, and fill-in text boxes
Radio buttons - little circles located in front of various options; selecting an option with the mouse places a dot in the corresponding circle
Scroll arrows - small up/down and left/right arrows. Clicking on scroll arrows with your mouse pointer moves the screen so that you can see the rest of the web page, a movement known as scrolling.
Frame - an independently controllable section of a web page.
Discussion question:
What type of situation causes horizontal scroll arrows to appear on your browser?
Answer: A window too narrow for a single object (such as a picture) to be displayed in its entirety. (At this point, the instructor might want to demo how to force horizontal bars to appear and how to force them to disappear via browser window resizing.)
Radio buttons and textbox
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22. Web Portals: Starting Points for Finding Information
Web portal - website that groups together in one convenient location popular features such as search tools, , electronic commerce, and discussion groups
Discussion question:
Which Web portal do you use most often? How did you select it?
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23. Web Portals: Starting Points for Finding Information
After logging on, you can:
Check the home page for general info
Use the directories to find a topic
Use keyword to search for a topic
Directory - lists of several categories of websites classified by topic.
FACTOID: Unlike many IT terms, “directory” is a very old one, dating back to the 16th century. Its meaning then was quite similar to today’s meaning—“guide.”
Keyword - the subject word or words of the topic you wish to find.
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24. Four Types of Search Engines
Human-organized search sites
Computer-created search sites
Hybrid search sites
Metasearch sites
Search engines - WWW feature which allow you to find specific documents through keyword searches and menu choices.
Hybrid search sites - humans supplemented by computer indexes, to make sure nothing falls through the cracks.
Metasearch sites - compilation of results from sending your query to several other search tools.
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Summary
Bandwidth: telephone line 56K bps, ADSL: 2 Mbps, T1, 1.5 Mbps
ISP: Internet Service Provider: PCCW, Netvigator, icable
Browser: IE Explorer 6.0, and Netscape 6.0
Search Engine: Altavista, Timway (Hong Kong)
Portal: Yahoo, Geocities
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