1. 1 Chapter 2 (Continued) Section 2.2 Section 2.2

2. Internet Service Provider (ISP) ISP - a company that connects you through your communications line to its servers, or central (host) computer, which connect you to the Internet via another company’s network access point. ISP - a company that connects you through your communications line to its servers, or central (host) computer, which connect you to the Internet via another company’s network access point. 2

3. POP POP – Point of Presence POP – Point of Presence Collection of modems and communications equipment Collection of modems and communications equipment Connects you to your ISP’s network Connects you to your ISP’s network 3

4. NAP NAP – Network Access Point NAP – Network Access Point routing computer on the Internet where several connections come together routing computer on the Internet where several connections come together connects an ISP's network to the Internet backbone. connects an ISP's network to the Internet backbone.

5. Backbones Backbones Backbones high-speed, high-capacity transmission lines high-speed, high-capacity transmission lines Connects NAP’s to the Internet Connects NAP’s to the Internet

6. 6

7. 7 Connecting to the Internet

8. Protocols A set of rules (program) that computers use in order to transmit data. Rules followed in order for two computers to communicate. 8

9. TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol Suite of protocols on which the Internet runs

10. Packets Fixed-length blocks of data for transmitting Individual packets are sent by way of separate routes.. TCP – breaks data up into packets IP – sends the packets over the Internet to their final destination TCP – reassembles the packets in their correct order. 10

11. IP Address Numeric name used to identify each computer on the Internet. Consists of 32 bits (4 bytes)

12. Largest 8 bit number is 255. Smallest 8 bit number is 0 11111111 = 2 8 - 1 = 255 00000000 = 0

13. IP Address (continued) Consists of a network component and a host component. Ex. 102.150.8.68 = 01100110. 10010110. 00001000. 01000100 01100110 = 102 10010110 = 150 00001000 = 8 01000100 = 68

14. Dynamic IP Address An IP address that is assigned when a computer connects to the Internet

15. Static IP Address Permanently assigned IP address Given to a computer or router that is permanently connected to the Internet

16. Internet2 Links more than 206 research Universities Links more than 206 research Universities 16

17. World Wide Web 17

18. Web Page Document on the World Wide Web that can include text, pictures, sound and video. Document on the World Wide Web that can include text, pictures, sound and video. A web page is created using a hypertext markup language (html) A web page is created using a hypertext markup language (html)

19. Web Site A web page or collection of pages with a unique address (url). A web page or collection of pages with a unique address (url). Examples: Examples: campus.murraystate.edu campus.murraystate.edu www.google.com www.google.com

20. Browsers A program used for viewing a web page. A program used for viewing a web page.Examples: Internet Explorer Netscape Navigator FirefoxConquerorOpera 20

21. URL A string of characters indicating the location of a web page. A string of characters indicating the location of a web page.Example:http://www.barnard.columbia.edu/religion/balmer.htm Consists of: 1. The web protocol (http) 2. The domain name (www.barnard.columbia.edu) 3. A directory or list of directories (religion) 4. The file name of the web page. (balmer.htm)

22. Another example http://campus.murraystate.edu/academic/csc199/smith.htm Protocol (http) Domain name (campus.murraystate.edu) Directories (academic/csc199) File name (smith.htm)

23. 23 Designing Web Pages There are professional web designers who develop web pages. There are professional web designers who develop web pages. Web Manager or Webmaster - one who creates and/or manages a web presentation. Web Manager or Webmaster - one who creates and/or manages a web presentation. A web page is created using HTML. A web page is created using HTML. One can write HTML by using a text editor, or One can write HTML by using a text editor, or One can use a program such as Microsoft FrontPage, Macromedia Dreamweaver or Netscape composer (to name a few) that creates the HTML for you. One can use a program such as Microsoft FrontPage, Macromedia Dreamweaver or Netscape composer (to name a few) that creates the HTML for you.

24. 24HTML Stands for: HyperText Markup Language Stands for: HyperText Markup Language This is the language used for creating hypertext (web pages). This is the language used for creating hypertext (web pages). Example: Example:<html><head> Title of web page Title of web page </head><body> Body of web page. </body></html>

25. XHTML Extensible Hypertext Markup Language Extensible Hypertext Markup Language Successor to HTML Successor to HTML Take CSC 125 Take CSC 125 to learn how to design web pages !

26. 26 Search Engine Software that lets a user specify search terms. The search engine then finds sites that contain those terms. Software that lets a user specify search terms. The search engine then finds sites that contain those terms.

27. 27 Tips for Smart Searching  Choose search items well.  Use correct spelling.  Use phrases with quotation marks.  Put unique words first in a phrase.  Use operators (AND, NOT, +, -)  Use wildcards (*)  Read the Help or Search Tips section.  Try an alternate general search site or a specific search site.

28. 28  Incoming email is stored in a mailbox on the mail server.  When retrieving messages using email software, the email is sent from the server to the computer. 2.4 Sending & Receiving Email

29. 29 Protocols  To retrieve a message (email) from a remote location, either POP or IMAP is used.  POP Post Office Protocol Messages are downloaded onto your PC

30. 30 Protocols  IMAP Interactive (or Internet) Mail (Message) Access Protocol Messages are left on the server

31. 31 Email Software (Mailer)  Get an email program as part of other computer software  Get an email program as part of your ISP package  Get free email services  Buy email software

32. 32 Email Addresses Joe_Black@earthlink.net.us Joe_Black - User name or UserID EarthLink - Domain name net - Top-level domain us - top-level country domain

33. 33 Parts of an Email Message and Attachments  To: address1, address2, address3 To send to multiple people  Cc: stands for “Carbon Copy” Used to send a copy of the email to another address  Bcc: stands for “Blind Carbon Copy” Used to send a copy to another address but the individual whose address is on the To: line can not see that a copy was sent to the individual whose address is on the Bcc: line.

34. 34 Attachments Files on a computer can be attached to an email message. The person receiving the attachment must have the same software that was used to create the attachment in order to view the attachment.

35. 35 Other Ways of Communicating  Instant messaging (IM) - allows any user on a given email system to send a message and have it pop up instantly on the screen of anyone else logged onto that system.  Mailing Lists: Email- based discussion groups  Listserv – is an automatic mailing-list server that sends email to subscribers participating in discussion topics.

36. 36 Netiquette: Appropriate Online Behavior Consult FAQs Avoid flaming Do not SHOUT Be careful with jokes Avoid sloppiness Do not send huge file attachments Quote with relevant portion when replying Do not “overforward”

37. 37 Spam: Unwanted Junk Email  Delete without opening the message  Never reply to a spam message!  Enlist the help of your ISP or use spam filters  Check the filter on your webmail. Go to: “Settings”, then “Anti Spam”, check options and then choose “Save” You can also Download free versions of filters (ex. Spamnix)

38. 38 Keeping Email Private Install security software. Do not put any sensitive or embarrassing information in the email. Even deleted mail can be traced on your hard disk.