1. 12.2: Mitosis and Interphase of Animals
Justine & Nicko

2. Interphase G1- Regular cell functions and the cell grows
S- Chromosomes copied (but cell continues to grow)
G2- the cell prepares to divide and continues to grow
M-cell divides

4. Mitosis Phases G2 of interphase Prophase Prometaphase Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

5. Interphase Nucleus is enclosed DNA is still in strands (chromatin)
Centrosomes formed

6. Prophase Chromatin fibers more tightly coiled Nucleoli disappear
Chromatid forms chromosomes with two sister chromatid
Mitotic spindle begins to form
Composed of centrosomes and their microtubules
Centrosomes move away from each other

7. Prometaphase Chromosomes become more condense Kinetochore forms
Kinetochore microtubules attach to kinetacore

8. Metaphase Centrosomes at opposite poles of cell
Chromosomes meet at metaphase plate
Equal distance from two poles
Kinetochores of the sister chromatids attached to kinetochore microtubules from opposite poles

9. Anaphase Sister chromatid pulled apart by centromere
Creates 2 daughter chromosomes
Kinetochore microtubules shorten
This pulls the daughter chromosomes toward the two opposite poles
Short in time
Each pole ends up with the same amount of chromosomes

10. Telophase Two daughter nuclei form
Nuclear envelopes form from fragments of parent cell’s nuclear envelope
Nucleoli reappear
Chromosomes less condensed
Remaining spindle microtubules depolymerized
Mitosis complete (division of one nucleus → two identical nuclei)

11. Cytokinesis Two daughter cells appear shortly after mitosis
Formation of cleavage furrow (pinches cell in two)
Animal cell: Plant cell:

12. Binary Fission Division in half How prokaryotes replicate
Cell grows to twice its size and then splits into two daughter cells
Origin of replication: place on the chromosome where the DNA of the bacterial chromosome starts to replicate

13. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
Mode of reproduction
Pro: Binary Fission
Eu: Mitosis
Number of chromosomes:
Pro: Less
Eu: Much more
Shape of chromosomes:
Pro: Circular
Eu: Linear