1. By Noah, Josh, John, Rebecca
The Inca
By Noah, Josh, John, Rebecca

2. Before the Inca Chucuito
Dominated the highlands region around Lake Titicaca
Depended on the cultivation of potatoes and the herding of alpacas and llamas
Diet consisted of potatoes, maize, tomatoes and llamas, alpacas, and guinea pigs for meat
Maize used to create beer like beverage
Chimu
Powerful kingdom that dominated the lowlands
Used irrigation systems to water the lowlands
The Chimu capital of chanchan exceeded a population of 50,000

3. The Rise of the Inca Empire
The Fall of the Chimu and Chucuito
Both the Chimu and Chucuito fall to Inca domination
Takeover occurs over a period of only about 30 years
Pachacuti (“Earthshaker”)
Launched a series of military campaigns that vastly expanded the Incas’ authority
First extended control over the southern and northern highlands
He then turned his attention to the coastal kingdom of Chimu
Gained control of the waters that supplied Chimu’s irrigation system

4. Inca Rule Inca Military
Inca rule as a military and administrative elite
Led armies composed of mostly conquered peoples
Incas not numerous enough to overwhelm their subjects
Keeping order
Sought to encourage obedience by takings hostages from their ruling class
loyal subjects were sent as colonist to establish garrisons to maintain order
People who rebelled were forced to leave their homes

5. Inca Administration Inca Administration system
Designed by Pachacuti near the end of his reign
Implemented taxes to help support Inca rulers and administrators
Organized a system of state-owned storehouses
Began construction on an extensive network of roads
Roads enabled Inca military forces and administrators to travel quickly

6. Quipu’s and Cuzco The Inca’s relied on a mnemonic aid called a quipu.
Quipu’s helped keep track of administrators and bureaucrats responsibilities and helped run an orderly empire.
They were made up of small cords and colors all originating from one thick cord.
Most had to do with population tracking, or state property, sometimes some historical information.
Cuzco was a modest village that was an administrative, religious, and ceremonial center.
Soon the conqueror turned it into a capital called “ the navel of the universe”.
In the center was a huge white plaza made of white sand from the Pacific beaches.
Around it was buildings made of red stone.
The more important buildings were made of gold facings.
Included nobles, high priests, and hostages of rich people.
Only about 200,000 people lived there

7. Inca Trade
The Inca society did not have many classes of merchants or skilled artisans
Their subjects had a surplus of agriculture and handcrafted goods
Administrators traded
Textile Products
Pottery
Jewelry
Crafted Goods
The Inca prohibited people from becoming independent merchants
Many people made
Textiles
Tools
Some fine goods for the aristocrats and priestly classes

8. Ruling Elites The main classes of the Inca’s were
Aristocrats
Priests
Peasants
They believed their ruler came from the sun so they were considered god-like
This king owned everything and governed as an absolute ruler.
Their descendants mummified their remains
They believed in an afterlife where their kings became Gods.
Some rulers made state policies in front of royal mummies to ‘benefit from their counsel’ .
On some festivals these mummies were brought out and dressed in gold and silver jewelry and offered them food and drinks.
The god-kings watched over the bureaucrats (mostly aristocrats) who told commoners where to cultivate their crops on the state’s behalf.

9. Aristocrats and Priests
Aristocrats had privileged lives, they :
Ate fine foods
Dressed in embroidered clothes
Had the right to wear large ear spools that made their lobes so swollen that Spanish conquerors named them “Big Ears”.
Priests came from aristocratic families.
They led celibate and ascetic lives
They were responsible for watching over rituals
Major temples had hundreds of priests living in them.
Along with priests there were virgin women devoted to divine service and helped prepare ceremonial meals and wove clothes for the priestly staff.

10. Peasants Life as a Peasant
The cultivators were mainly peasants by birth
Lived in communities known as ayllu, which was similar to Mexica’s calpulli
Peasants supported themselves by working on lands associated with their ayllu
Rather than paying taxes or tribute, they worked on lands administered by aristocrats
The produce from these state lands went to support the ruling, aristocrat and priestly classes
The rest went to store houses for when there was possibly famines
Men would provide heavy labor required for construction
Women would tribute by making textiles, pottery and jewelry

11. Inca Gods: Inti and Viracocha
The sun god
Worshiped by the Inca ruling class as its major deity
Priest honored Inti and other gods with sacrifices
Viracocha
Creator of the world humankind and all else in the universe
Pachacuti showed special favor toward Viracocha
Large temples built for the gods