1. Class Range – 36%-85% Class Average- 65%
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Class Range – 36%-85%
Class Average- 65%

2. Explain the impact of each of the following social and cultural factors in the development and spread of rational recreation during the 19th century. Urbanisation Public Provisions Communications
7 Marks

3. Define Key Words in the question
Rational Recreation- any description of rational recreation would get you a mark e.g. codified/written down rules/ spectator based/ began with middle classes/opposite of popular recreation
Urbanisation
Lack of space = limited mob games due to lack of space therefore new sports developed
Need for masses to be occupied / social control / more free time (Saturday half day) and money = spectator sport / increase in spectators
Factory teams led to more regular completion / leagues set up

4. Public Provision
Government Acts / local authority provision = provision of baths and parks
Baths and Parks = improved health and hygiene of working class
Middle class banned mob games and approved developed certain games to get social control
Communications
Media/Newspapers- raised awareness of sport therefore increasing participation and spectatorship / role models
Railways/transport – could travel to away fixtures / spectators could travel with team / spread of ideals nationally and globally

5. Explain why elite performers should consider the nature of a sponsor and their products before accepting a sponsorship deal (3 marks)

6. The performer is a role model to others
Therefore have a social duty to others / human rights / unethical manufacturing of goods
Example – if sponsored by unhealthy product e.g. alcohol/cigarette/fast food company this could influence children
May endanger future commercial support
Bring criticism to performer
Getting sponsor with the best benefits- one offer may be better than another
Sponsor has a high level of control over the athlete / commitment /expectations e.g. public appearances
Make sure it won’t hinder performance

7. Explain how the middle classes supported the developments in sport during the 19th century (3 marks)
Development of rules / rational recreation / codification Via Public schools/universities/NGBs
Development of leagues/ competitions via public schools/ universities/ NGBs/ Factory Teams /teams
Development of facilities /parks/ public baths / via factory owners / church/ public schools/ Government / Government acts
Controlled sport Via clubs/NGBs/Leadership roles
Development of morals/values through muscular Christianity / Sportsmanship
Provided more leisure time / Saturday half day
Provided better income
New sports created at universities
Amateur and gentleman amateur due to having time/money to play for the love of the sport

8. Discuss the suggestion that funding should be equal for all sports and not based on performance at major championships (4 marks)
Agree
Disagree
Equal so all sports can develop/increase chance of success/make it fair
Promotes less popular sport
Widens participation/foundation levels of pyramid / increase grass roots
Provides alternative options for sports
Everyone has the right to have the opportunity to improve in their sport
London Olympic Legacy should be encouraged across all sports
Limited funds so needs to be used effectively- not enough for everyone to get the amount they need
Better to increase chances of winning medals in target sports/tax payers get value for money / reward for successful sports
Encourages sports to invest money correctly
Encourages sporting organisations to work together and share resources
Funding is a privilege not a right

9. Explain the social Factors and the support programmes in the UK that encourage the development of elite athletes and increase the chance of winning medals (6 marks)

10. Social factors
Support programmes
Parental / peer support
Equal opportunities / anti – discrimination
Socio-economic status of sport / social class
Funding- private or scholarships
Access to clubs
School/ university experience
National lottery- funding
Co-ordinated approach of NGBs/ Sport England / Sports Aid/ BOA / Sports Coach UK/ Institutes of sport)
High quality facilities
High quality coaching
Talent identification programmes / Examples of TIP
Structured competition – layered/county
Sports medicine/physiotherapy
World class performance pathway
Performance Lifestyle
Talented Athlete Scholarship Scheme - TASS

11. Suggest reasons why the international Olympic committee has allowed professional persons to compete at the Olympic games in recent years (3)

12. Many traditional amateur sports are now professional
Blurring of amateur and professional status in many sport/ difficult to differentiate between the two
Olympic ideal maintained / still playing by correct ethics
No prize or appearance money awarded by the Olympic committee
Higher standard competition
More spectators / media interest
Higher levels of income/ media rights / ticket prices
Increase role models therefore increase participation