1. Coverings of the Brain (Meninges)
Dura Mater- outer brain covering, lines the inside of the skull, tough dense fibrous connective tissue.
Arachnoid-middle layer, resembles fine cobweb,
Pia Mater- covers the brain’s surface, comprised of blood vessels held together by connective tissue.

2. Subarachnoid Space
Between arachnoid and pia mater. Filled with cerebrospinal fluid- acts as a liquid shock absorber and source of nutrients for the brain.

3. Ventricles of the Brain
The brain contains four cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid called cerebral ventricles
Right and left lateral ventricles
Third ventricle-behind and below the lateral ventricles
Fourth ventricle is below the 3rd in front of the cerebellum and behind the pons and medulla oblongota

4. Choroid Plexus
Network of blood vessels lining the ventricles which helps in the formation of cerebrospinal fluid.

5. Cerebrospinal Fluid Forms inside ventricles of the brain
Serves as a liquid shock absorber protecting the brain and spinal cord.
Blood brain barrier- choroid plexus capillaries prevent substances (like drugs) from penetrating brain tissue this makes infections, like meningitis difficult to cure.

6. Lumbar Puncture
Removal of CSF from spinal canal, needle puncture between 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae.

7. Cerebrum Largest part of the brain
Cerebral Function- conscious thought, judgment, memory, reasoning, and will power
Largest part of the brain
Divided into R and L hemispheres by deep groove (longitudinal fissure)
Convolutions- elevated folds on the surface of the cerebrum, they increase the surface area of the brain
Sulci- fissure or grooves separating cerebral convolutions.
Divided into four lobes- Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, and Temporal

8. Diencephalon Located between cerebrum and midbrain
Composed of Thalamus and Hypothalamus
Vital functions of the hypothalamus:
Autonomic nervous control
Temperature control
Appetite control
Emotional state
Sleep control

9. Cerebellum Located behind the pons and below the cerebrum
Composed of two hemispheres
Controls all body functions related to skeletal muscles, including:
Balance
Muscle tone
Coordination of muscle movements

10. Brain Stem Made up of Pons, medulla and midbrain
Pathway for ascending and descending tracts
Pons – in front of cerebellum, between midbrain and medulla- contains center that controls respiration
Midbrain- vision and hearing
Medulla oblongota- bulb shaped structure between pons and spinal cord, inside the cranium above foramen magnum. Responsible for :
Heart rate
Blood pressure

11. Spinal Cord
Begins at foramen magnum and continues down to 2nd lumbar vertebrae
White and soft, in spinal canal
Surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid
Functions as:
Reflex center
Conduction pathway to and from the brain

12. Limbic System
Part of the brain associated with emotional control, mood and memory
Includes the hypothalamus which is considered the brain of the brain.

14. Questions for 3.01 ppt BM two
Draw a picture of the brain and label all of the structures on the bubble map.
Color the bubble map and write the words in color.
Make sure your brain covers the entire page and each structure needs to be in color.