1. Role of electricity grids in energy transitions
Allan Dahl Andersen

2. Drivers:
RES geographically dispersed, often far from consumption (offshore wind)
Two-way traffic on grid
Electricity production increasingly distributed and local
Non-dispatchable RES  need for flexibility
Energy integration in EU
Result in two broad trends of grid transformation

3. The grid is exposed to different forms of new transformation pressures:
Distributed RES generation which is placed in new geographical areas
Number of generators rises from s to millions while on average decreasing in scale
There is a 2-way flow of power rather than 1-way flow
Larger shares of non-dispatchable RES which creates supply-side fluctuations
Electrification of energy use (transport and heating) leading to new patterns of demand-side fluctuations
How are DSOs (distribution system operators) coping with the new technological challenges and increasing system complexity?

4. What are the main institutional and technological challenges in «transnational energy integration» (by coupling electricity grids together)? The Kriegers Flak project illustrates several challenges that are important for Europe’s possibilities for creating a pan-European supergrid.
The transmission way forward

5. SIVAC project
How can knowledge and technology developed in oil and gas be redeployed to support growth of other industries? Challenges for firms, universities, and policy makers?
Subsea Meets Aquaculture