1. UNDERSTANDING SPACING
Leading
Tracking
Kerning
Em Space
En Space
Decimal Tab
Center Tab
Hanging Indent
Widow
Source: Digital Desktop Publishing--Understanding Spacing
Digital Communications I Unit 3 Layout_Understanding Spacing

2. Source: Digital Desktop Publishing--Understanding Spacing
Tracking
Space between letters determined by software and designer
Software function that allows additional space between each letter
Spacing between words, phrases, or extended blocks of text.
Source: Digital Desktop Publishing--Understanding Spacing

3. Source: Digital Desktop Publishing--Understanding Spacing
Kerning Pairs
Letters that look better if they are placed closer than most others
Examples: T, V, W, and Y
Desktop publishing software can automatically kern
Kerning
Spacing of letters to make them appear closer together
Source: Digital Desktop Publishing--Understanding Spacing

4. Source: Digital Desktop Publishing--Understanding Spacing
Leading
Spacing between lines of text within the same paragraph
Comes from time when type was set with metal and strips of lead were placed between each line
Amount of leading is based on size of font
Measured from baseline to baseline
Most leading set to 120% of font size
Spacing between paragraphs is set independently of the space within lines of a paragraph
Source: Digital Desktop Publishing--Understanding Spacing

5. Source: Digital Desktop Publishing--Understanding Spacing
Em/En Spacing M N
Used as white objects to separate words
Em Space
Proportional to point size of each typeface
Equivalent to the width of the capital letter “M” of each typeface
En Space
Approximately size of capital letter “N”
Half the width of an em space
Often used as measurement of space
Source: Digital Desktop Publishing--Understanding Spacing

6. Source: Digital Desktop Publishing--Understanding Spacing
Spacing Conventions
Source: Digital Desktop Publishing--Understanding Spacing

7. Source: Digital Desktop Publishing--Understanding Spacing
Punctuation
. , ? “
With typewriters (monospace fonts) it was necessary to space twice at the end of a sentence for a visual break
With computers (proportional fonts) spacing is determined by letters and their placement
No longer necessary to space twice after punctuation at the end of the sentence or colons
Source: Digital Desktop Publishing--Understanding Spacing

8. Source: Digital Desktop Publishing--Understanding Spacing
Indents
Typists used five spaces for paragraph indentions
Desktop Publishing
Indenting no longer necessary
If indenting is chosen, one or two em spaces is used (approximately .25 of an inch)
Source: Digital Desktop Publishing--Understanding Spacing

9. Source: Digital Desktop Publishing--Understanding Spacing
Hanging Indents
First line “hangs out” from the other lines in the paragraph
Source: Digital Desktop Publishing--Understanding Spacing

10. Source: Digital Desktop Publishing--Understanding Spacing
Tabs
Left tab
Standard means of setting tabs
Center tab
Aligns text on either side of tab stop
Right tab
Places the last letter of the line at the point of the tab
Used for page numbers
Decimal tab
Aligns figures so that they line up with the decimal, regardless of how many numbers there are
Source: Digital Desktop Publishing--Understanding Spacing

11. Tabs Notice the difference in where the decimal point is located.
Source: Digital Desktop Publishing--Understanding Spacing

12. Source: Digital Desktop Publishing--Understanding Spacing
Widows and Orphans
Widow
First line of a paragraph that appears at the bottom of a column or page
Should keep at least two—preferably three—lines together
Orphan
Single sentences or parts of a sentence that appear alone at the top of a new column or page
Source: Digital Desktop Publishing--Understanding Spacing

13. Source: Digital Desktop Publishing--Understanding Spacing
Widows and Orphans
orphan
widow
Source: Digital Desktop Publishing--Understanding Spacing