1. INTRO TO TYPOGRAPHY BASICS Graphic Design II

2. What is Typography? the art or process of printing with type. In every piece of type you see, somebody has considered how the letters, sentences and paragraphs will look in order for it to be read by us, or make us feel a certain way when we look at it. Good typography comes from paying attention to tiny details as this can make the difference between graphic design work that is just acceptable or really good.

3. Typeface or font? a typeface is a family of fonts (such as Helvetica Regular, Helvetica Italic, Helvetica Bold, Helvetica Black, etc.) but a font is one weight or style within a typeface family (such as Helvetica Regular).

4. Typeface classifications Serif – these typefaces are the more traditional ones. They are distinguished by a short line or finishing stroke on the end of character strokes and stems Sans-serif – as the name suggests, these are distinguished by their lack of any Serifs.

5. Anatomy

6. Glyphs What are glyphs? The word essentially refers to all the available characters in a font, from letters to numbers and all the special characters.

7. Kerning and Tracking Kerning is the adjustment of the spacing between individual characters. Tracking, however, is the spacing of a group of characters.

8. Alignment Generally text should be left aligned, simply because we are used to reading that way. Only consider centering or right aligning text if it is a small amount, such as a heading or caption. Also, justifying text (where it has a straight edge on both sides) should be used in moderation.

9. Measure This refers to the length of lines of text in a paragraph or column. Most people tend to just refer to it as column width though. Measure is an important thing to get right in typography as it can be crucial to the readability of the text.

10. Leading Vertical line spacing is referred to as Leading in typography and print. Which is because in the old days of printing and setting blocks of type, strips of lead were inserted between the lines according to how much space was required. Leading’s role in typography is to generate sufficient space between the lines to make it readable.

11. Ligatures When parts of the anatomy of characters either clash or look too close together, they can be combined in what are called Ligatures.

12. Grids a guide by which graphic designers can organise copy and images in a flexible way, whilst making this content easy to take in and understand. examples (such as a newspaper, a brochure, or a website with a lot of text content)

13. Rag the uneven vertical edge of a block of type, most commonly the right-hand edge, as in the case of left- aligned text. It is important to pay attention to the rag, as it can affect readability in a big way.

14. Widows and Orphans a single word or very short line is left at the end of a column it is called a Widow. Likewise if the same is left at the top of the following column this is called an Orphan.

15. Pick two font tutorials and apply to the text below.two font tutorials