1. Chapter 13.2-3 The Age of Reform (1820-1860)

2. Section 1-Polling Question
What is the most important way to help improve a society?
A. Education reform
B. Banning alcohol
C. Women’s rights
D. Helping the poor and disabled A B C D

3. Essential Question
How did religion influence the social reforms in the United States during the early and mid-1800s?

4. Religion
Religious camp meetings (revivals) were common in the early 1800s
Known as the Second Great Awakening
This led to a new spirit of reform
Brought changes to American religion, education, and literature
Some reformers sought to improve society by forming utopias (Perfect society)
Few were able to establish lasting communities
They were founded on impractical ideas
Quick Search:
Look up “1800 Utopian Communities”.
Read through each description, whisper reading with a partner.
Discuss with your partner which you feel is the most intriguing, and why.

5. A B C D Why did most utopias fail?
Section 1
Why did most utopias fail?
A. It was too hard to implement the temperance movement.
B. Many teachers lacked proper training.
C. They did not take the needs of the disabled into consideration.
D. They were founded on impractical ideas. A B C D

6. The Religious Influence
Attending revivals made men and women eager to reform both their lives and the world
Among these were people who wanted to ban alcohol
Lyman Beecher, a Connecticut minister, crusaded against the use of alcohol (temperance)
Beecher and other reformers used lectures, pamphlets, and revival style rallies to warn people of the dangers of liquor
The temperance movement led to some victories when Maine and other states passed laws banning to manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages
Most of these laws were later repealed

8. Reforming Education In the mid-1850’s, most schools were poorly funded
Teachers lacked training
Restrictions were placed on who could attend schools (Girls and African Americans could not as easily)
Massachusetts lawyer Horace Mann called for educational reforms
1839- Massachusetts created the nation’s first state-supported normal school to train teachers

9. Reforming Education Continued
This is all blue! What are the most important words/ concepts?
During the age of reform, many new colleges and universities were created
Most accepted only men
Gradually, higher education became available to groups that had been denied the opportunity
Oberlin College of Ohio was founded in 1833
Oberlin admitted both women and African Americans

10. People With Special Needs
Some reformers focused on the problem of teaching people with disabilities
Thomas Gallaudet developed a method to educate people who were hearing impaired
Samuel Gridley Howe developed books with large raised letters to help the visually impaired
Schoolteacher Dorothea Dix worked for prison reforms after seeing prisoners chained to walls
She also found that some people were not guilty of crimes, but (people) were mentally ill
She made it her life’s work to educate the public about poor conditions for prisoners and the mentally ill

11. Cultural Trends
Changes in American society also influenced art and literature
American artists developed their own style and explored American themes starting in the 1820s
The spirit of reform influenced the transcendentalists
Stressed the relationship between humans and nature and the importance of the individual conscience
The leading transcendentalists were Margaret Fuller, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Henry David Thoreau

12. Section 1
Which of the following was a major subject of transcendentalist literature?
A. Realism
B. The relationship between humans and nature and the importance of the individual conscience
C. Anti-abolitionism
D. The relationship between humans and technology and the importance of industrialism A B C D

13. Cultural Trends Continued
Fuller supported women’s rights
Emerson urged people to listen to the inner voice of conscience and to overcome prejudice
Thoreau practiced civil disobedience by refusing to obey laws he considered unjust
1846 Thoreau went to jail rather than pay a tax to support the Mexican War
Many American poets created great works (Henry Wadsworth, Walt Whitman, and Emily Dickinson)
During this time, women were the authors of the most popular fiction
Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin which explored the injustice of slavery

14. Reformers wanted to restrict alcohol
Essential Question
How did religion influence the social reforms in the United States during the early and mid-1800s?
-Inspired people to reform their own lives and improve the ills of society
Reformers wanted to restrict alcohol
Better teacher training and school funding
More colleges
More access to education for women, African Americans, and people with special needs
Better conditions for prisoners and the mentally ill

15. Group Competition Quiz

16. Group Quiz You’ll be in groups, according to my choosing.
You will be quizzed on the material presented—no notes.
This is a competition for the best prize of alllllllll
PRIDE!!!!! 