1. Matter Class #1
OB: We will determine what matter is, what are the phases of matter, and describe physical properties of matter. We’ll also cover lots of vocabulary that you MUST MASTER ASAP (put it on a leash!)
There is NOTHING the matter with you, one silly joke per day is all you get.

2. Matter –
All matter is in one of these 4 “states” or phases: A. B. C. D.

3. Matter – ANYTHING THAT TAKES UP SPACE AND HAS MASS.
All matter is in one of these 3 “states” or phases:
A. SOLIDS
B. LIQUIDS
C. GASES
D. AQUEOUS

4. The word AQUEOUS means…

5. The word AQUEOUS means…
DISSOLVED into WATER (not other liquids, just water)
These are SOLUTIONS, like salty water, or tea with sugar, or an acid.

6. Matter can be PURE or MIXED.
Pure matter includes the _________________ and all ______________________________
Mixtures are just ___________________________

7. Matter can be PURE or MIXED.
Pure matter includes the ELEMENTS and all chemical COMPOUNDS.
Mixtures are just PHYSICAL BLENDS OF PURE SUBSTANCES

8. Physical Properties of Matter are
Qualities that can be measured without changing the substance. These properties are CONSTANT and MEASURABLE.

9. What are some PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of Matter?

10. What are some PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of Matter?
Examples of PHYSICAL PROPERTIES include…
Density, boiling point (condensing point), freezing point (or melting point), hardness, magnetic attraction (or not), solubility in water, or solubility into other solvents.

11. PHYSICAL CHANGES ARE….

12. PHYSICAL CHANGES are PHASE CHANGES name them all…
SOLID LIQUID GAS

13. Changing PHASES what are they called?
SOLID LIQUID GAS
MELTING
VAPORIZING
FREEZING
CONDENSING
SUBLIMATION
DEPOSITION

14. Get up, time for a neat demo
Iodine, the element, which is a solid at normal temperature, will be made to sublimate into iodine gas, without becoming a liquid first.

15. MIXTURES
Mixtures are…
The properties of matter in a mixture…

16. What are MIXTURES? Mixtures are… PHYSICAL BLENDS OF PURE MATTER
The properties of matter in a mixture… CONSTANT. THEY ARE STILL PRESENT. NO NEW COMPOUNDS ARE FORMED WHEN MAKING A MIXTURE, NO NEW PROPERTIES FORM EITHER.

17. They each have an “H” name…
Mixtures are either mixed the same throughout or are more randomly mixed together.
They each have an “H” name…
Mixtures mixed THE SAME THROUGHOUT are called…
Mixtures mixed DIFFERENTLY THROUGHOUT are called…

18. EXAMPLES OF EACH MIGHT BE...
Mixtures mixed THE SAME THROUGHOUT are called… HOMOGENEOUS
Mixtures mixed DIFFERENTLY THROUGHOUT are called… HETEROGENEOUS
EXAMPLES OF EACH MIGHT BE...

19. Mixtures can come in ALL 4 PHASES. Name examples of mixtures that are
SOLIDS
LIQUIDS
GASES
AQUEOUS

20. Mixtures can come in ALL 4 PHASES. Name examples of mixtures that are
SOLIDS steel (C + Fe), brass (Cu + Zn), sterling silver (Ag + Cu)
LIQUIDS ethanol and seltzer, oil and vinegar
GASES air in a balloon
AQUEOUS salty water, sugar water, all acids and bases

21. We will discuss the conclusion for the Density Lab (Penny Lab)
OB: Matter Vocab, Compounds + Elements, the Law of Conservation of Matter
We will discuss the conclusion for the Density Lab (Penny Lab)

22. Review of yesterday:
Elements are pure substances that are listed on the periodic table and, cannot be made simpler
Compounds form when 2 or more elements chemically combine and form a new pure substance, with new, unique properties. They have a specific ratio of atoms to atoms
Mixtures are just mixed up combinations of stuff, no ratios, no recipes, and can be physically separated. There are no new properties formed. Mixtures can be heterogeneous or homogeneous.

23. MATTER Mixtures (heterogeneous or homogeneous)
Pure substances all homogeneous
Homogeneous
examples:
air, tap water, includes all solutions
Elements examples: Mg, Ca, Fe
Heterogeneous concrete, soup, sugar + salt in a bowl sand + iron BB’s
Compounds examples: H20, CO2, NaCl

24. The Law of Conservation of Matter What is a physical change again?
Matter cannot be created or destroyed in any chemical reaction (or physical change).
What is a physical change again?

25. Sodium and Chlorine yields Sodium Chloride
Write this word equation on the line to start:
Sodium and Chlorine yields Sodium Chloride
The sodium + chlorine are called the ____________
Sodium Chloride is called the ______________
The mass of the _____________ equals the mass of the __________
because all chemical reactions follows the…

26. 8 g hydrogen + 64 g oxygen → _________ g water
46 g sodium g chlorine → ____ grams of sodium chloride
8 g hydrogen g oxygen → _________ g water
4 g hydrogen + X g oxygen → grams Water

27. 8 g hydrogen + 64 g oxygen → 72 g water
46 g sodium g chlorine → grams of sodium chloride
8 g hydrogen g oxygen → 72 g water
4 g hydrogen g oxygen → grams Water

28. ____ g hydrogen + 28 g nitrogen → 34 g ammonia (NH3)
223 g Iron + 96 grams oxygen → _____ g rust (Fe2O3)

29. 6 g hydrogen + 28 g nitrogen → 34 g ammonia (NH3)
223 g Iron + 96 grams oxygen → 319 g rust (Fe2O3)

30. Matter Class #3
OBJECTIVE: Counting atoms in chemical formulas, principles of separating mixtures, and the indicators of chemical reactions

31. First we count atoms in formulas
First we count atoms in formulas. How many atoms, what atoms are in each of these?
H2O ___________
NaCl ___________
CO2 ___________
H3PO4 ___________
H2SO4 ___________
C6H12O6 ___________

32. First we count atoms in formulas
First we count atoms in formulas. How many atoms, what atoms are in each of these?
H2O = 3 = 2 hydrogen atoms + 1 oxygen atom
NaCl = 2 = 1 sodium atom + 1 chlorine atom
CO2 = 3 = 1 carbon atom + 2 oxygen atoms
H3PO4 = 8 = 3 H + 1 P + 4 O
H2SO4 =
C6H12O6 = 24 =

33. These are harder, how many atoms of each kind, how many all together in each compound?
Fe2O H3PO4
KHCO Li2C2O4
Ca(OH) Al(OH)3
Al2(Cr2O7) (NH4)2SO3

34. These are harder, how many atoms of each kind, how many all together in each compound?
Fe2O H3PO4
KHCO Li2C2O4
Ca(OH) Al(OH)3
Al2(Cr2O7) (NH4)2SO3
5 total = 2 Fe + 3 O
8 = 3 H + 1 P + 4 O
6 total = K + 1 H + 1 C + 3 O
8 = 2 Li + 2 C + 4 O
7 = 1 Al + O + H + O + H + O + H (three times!)
5 total = 1 Ca + O + H and O + H again
29 = 2 Al + 2 Cr + 7 O and 2 Cr + 7 O and 2 Cr + 7 O again (three times!)
14 = N + 4 H + N + 4 H + 1 S + 3 O

35. No new stuff forms, just stir these things together.
Mixtures are just physical blends of pure substances, they could be
Elements + Elements, or
Elements + Compounds, or
Compounds + Compounds, etc.
Compounds are chemically bonded atoms, which make new substances, with new properties.
Mixtures retain the properties of the parts, no new substances form, no new properties either.
These pure substances, elements or compounds, retain their unique properties in the mixture.
No new stuff forms, just stir these things together.

36. Since they are just physically mixed, you should be able to separate them with just physical means (not chemical).
For instance, to separate the mixture of sand and water, you could filter them apart.
The “principle” that allows us to do this is that the sand is much bigger than the water particles, and sand gets stuck in the filter paper. We…
TAKE ADVANTAGE OF A DIFFERENCE IN THEIR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES.

37. Steam condenses into water
What if you mix up salt with water?
How could you get them apart? Use a distillation apparatus
Take advantage of the difference in BOILING POINTS between the water and the sodium chloride.
Steam condenses into water
steam
PURE WATER
Salty water
HEAT!!!

38. Separating mixtures requires thinking, and taking advantage of differences in physical properties…
Here, iron is separated from what appears to be sulfur, done by taking advantage of the magnetic attraction of iron but not the sulfur.

39. You could also separate mixtures by taking advantage of differences in
Freezing Points, Density, Melting Points, Etc.

40. A chemical reaction is when 2 or more substances are combined in a chemical reaction, and we get… NEW PURE SUBSTANCES that form, and
they have ___________________properties than the reactants had.

41. TOPIC-B We need to notice chemical reactions in our upcoming lab.
There are several indicators (or indications) that a chemical reaction has probably happened.
Indicators are a heads up, not PROOF. Thinking is still required.
The acronym TOPIC-B will help keep them in your head, where they belong.

42. T – temperature change - if substances get hotter or colder
If these things “happen”, a chemical reaction probably has taken place.
T – temperature change - if substances get hotter or colder
O – odor change - if the substances changes in smell
P – precipitate - if you mix solutions, solids form
I – irreversibility – technically SPONTANEOUSLY irreversible. Most reactions are “one way”, if they occur, they stay changed. Reactions do not usually reverse easily.
C – color change – if your substances changes color
B – bubbles - if your substances create new bubbles of gas

43. Matter Class #4 Objective: Particle Diagrams for solids, liquids, gases, atoms, molecules, compounds, and mixtures. Lots of drawing today, get paper, put on thinking hats.

44. A particle diagram shows the idea of chemical substances in a cartoon sort of way.
The diagrams are not realistic in shape, but with some imagination and thinking, you can understand what they are going to show.
You need to be aware of these vocabulary words to move forward. Think, or ask now.
SOLID – LIQUID – GAS
ATOM – COMPOUND – MIXTURE – DIATOMIC ELEMENTS
These diagrams will show all seven of these, you need to be able to recognize them, and draw examples of each of these 7 varieties.

45. Particle diagrams for a GAS, a LIQUID, and a SOLID
Gas particles don’t touch each other, they “float” in space. Liquids are at the bottom of the container, but not arranged orderly. Solid matter has particles in a very orderly pattern, they do not conform to the shape of the container.

46. Atoms, diatomic elements, molecules… which are which?

47. When 2 or more shapes touch, this symbolizes a __________________.
Particles are small shapes. A single shape alone indicates an _____________
When 2 or more shapes touch, this symbolizes a __________________.
If the 2 shapes that touch are IDENTICAL, that indicates a ___________ ____________

48. Particles are small shapes. A single shape alone indicates an ATOM
When 2 or more shapes touch, this symbolizes a COMPOUND or MOLECULE.
If the 2 shapes that touch are IDENTICAL, that indicates a DIATOMIC MOLECULE

49. atoms
molecules
diatomic elements

50. Maybe H2, O2, N2, Cl2, etc. These might be CO2 4 kinds of atoms
NH3

51. Particle Diagram “QUIZ”
What could these be?

52. 2. PCl3
3. NH3
5. CH4
1. H2O
3. CO2
4. SiO2
1. H2
2. Cl2

53. 3. H2O(S) 4. Cu(S) 1. O2(G) 5. CO2(S) 3. N2(G) 5. Cl2(G) 2. H2O(L)
3. H2O(S)
4. Cu(S)
5. CO2(S)
1. O2(G)
3. N2(G)
5. Cl2(G)
2. H2O(L)
3. NH3(L)
1. Cu(S)
3. Mg(S)
5. I2(S)

54. REVIEW OF MATTER
Know it all, be one with the matter. You can do it. Take out a sheet of paper, number it 1 to 12+1 J
Or do this at home!

55. 1. A physical change is another way to say
a compound forms
a phase change happens
Matter is turned into other matter
You change the shape by squishing or pushing matter

56. 1. A physical change is another way to say
B. a phase change happens

57. Match these up
GAS
LIQUID
SOLID
Definite shape definite volume
Indefinite shape, indefinite volume
Indefinite shape, definite volume

58. Match these up
GAS
LIQUID
SOLID
Definite shape definite volume
Indefinite shape, indefinite volume
Indefinite shape, definite volume

59. Define Heterogeneous

60. Define Heterogeneous
NOT the same throughout, like raisin bran cereal, or salt mixed with sand.

61. Which CAN be decomposed by a chemical change?
A. Co B. CO C. Hg D. Fe

62. Which CAN be decomposed by a chemical change?
B. CO – this is a compound, Two or more atoms bonded together

63. 5. How do we take separate a mixture of salty water. A
5. How do we take separate a mixture of salty water? A. A chemical reaction B. Filter paper
C. With a magnet D. With a distillation apparatus

64. 5. How do we take separate a mixture of salty water. D
5. How do we take separate a mixture of salty water? D. With a distillation apparatus

65. 6. Convert the melting point of copper into centigrade temperature
6. Convert the melting point of copper into centigrade temperature. Use a formula.

66. 6. Convert the melting point of copper into centigrade temperature
6. Convert the melting point of copper into centigrade temperature. Use a formula. K= C + 273
1358 = C + 273
1085° = C

67. 7. If 502 grams of iron completely combines with 216 grams of oxygen to form rust, how many grams of rust form?

68. 7. If 502 grams of iron completely combines with 216 grams of oxygen to form rust, how many grams of rust form?
502 g g = 718 grams rust

69. 8. When 2 elements chemically combine into a product, the product… A
8. When 2 elements chemically combine into a product, the product… A. has the same properties as the reactants B. has a blend of properties of the reactants C. has new, unique properties, unlike the reactants D. may or may not be similar, it depends on the elements combining

70. 8. When 2 elements chemically combine into a product, the product… C
8. When 2 elements chemically combine into a product, the product… C. has new, unique properties, unlike the reactants

71. 9. Count the number of atoms in these formulas A
9. Count the number of atoms in these formulas A. aluminum permanganate Al(MnO4)3 B. ammonium carbonate (NH4)2CO3 C. nickel (III) acetate Ni(C2H3O2)3

72. 9. Count the number of atoms in these formulas A
9. Count the number of atoms in these formulas A. aluminum permanganate Al(MnO4) B. ammonium carbonate (NH4)2CO C. nickel (III) acetate Ni(C2H3O2)

73. Name the phase changes
Solid to Gas
Liquid to Gas
Solid to Liquid
Gas to Solid
Liquid to Solid
Gas to Liquid

74. Name the phase changes
Solid to Gas - sublimation
Liquid to Gas - vaporization
Solid to Liquid - melting
Gas to Solid - deposition
Liquid to Solid - freezing
Gas to Liquid - condensation

75. 11. State the temperature known as standard temperature in Kelvin and in Centigrade

76. 11. State the temperature known as standard temperature in Kelvin and in Centigrade Table A shows this.
273 Kelvin, or 0°C

77. 12. Calculate (with a formula) the volume of 375 grams of sodium metal.

78. D = Mass Volume 375 grams Volume 0.97 g/cm3 =
12. Calculate (with a formula) the volume of 375 grams of sodium metal.
Mass Volume
D =
375 grams Volume
0.97 g/cm3 =
0.97 g/cm3 (V) = 375 grams
V = 387 cm3 (3 sf)
0.97 g/cm = 0.97 g/cm3

79. What do these particle diagrams represent
What do these particle diagrams represent? ATOMS, MOLECULES, or DIATOMIC ATOMS?

80. What do these particle diagrams represent
What do these particle diagrams represent? ATOMS, MOLECULES, or DIATOMIC ATOMS?
DIATOMIC Element
ATOMS
Compound
ATOMS
DIATOMIC Element
Compound