1. Industrial Revolution, 1700-1900

2. I. Beginnings
Industrial Revolution – the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in mid-1700s
Prior to Ind. Rev., England experiences an agricultural revolution
New farming techniques
Leads to population boom – thanks to increased food supplies
Increase in amount of available workers
Industrialization – the process of developing machine production of goods
Why start in England? (multiple reasons)
Factors of production – had all the resources needed to produce goods and services that the Ind. Rev. required

3. I. Continued… Factors of production (continued…)
Access to natural resources
Water and coal power
Iron ore for construction
Rivers for transportation
Harbors/ocean access for shipping
Strong economy – money invested in new manufacturing techniques/inventions
Political stability
CHALLENGE QUESTION!

4. II. Inventions and Innovations
Textile industry (clothing) was first to be transformed by Industrial Revolution
First, textile production done in the home using new inventions
1733 – Flying shuttle – doubled the work a weaver could do in a day
1764 – Spinning jenny – allowed spinners to make more thread for weavers
Eventually, textile work moves to factories
Late 1700s – water frame, spinning mule, power loom led to increased production
Large, expensive machines required factories to house them, multiple workers to run them

5. II. Continued… Transportation improvements
CHALLENGE QUESTION!
II. Continued…
Transportation improvements
Steam engine – James Watt perfected the use of the steam engine by requiring less fuel, making it less expensive (1770s)
Led to widespread use in locomotives, steam boats
Railways
Steam-powered locomotives connected cities and countryside
Cheap way to transport goods/materials
Created thousands of new jobs

6. III. Changes in Society Rise of cities Working conditions
Urbanization – city building and the movement of people to cities
More people began living in cities than in the countryside
Living conditions often poor
Rapid development without proper planning
Poor sanitation, little police protection, dangerous building conditions
Working conditions
Long hours, little time off
Factories were dangerous, coal mines worse
Women and children used as cheap labor
Led to growth of unions

7. EXIT TICKET! Answer the following questions using complete sentences:
Describe one invention/innovation that took place during the early years of the Industrial Revolution.
What is urbanization?
Describe common working conditions during the Industrial Revolution.

8. III. Continued… Class tensions Positive effects Growth of middle class
Skilled workers, professionals, businesspeople, wealthy farmers
Enjoyed comfortable standards of living
Working class
Poor, property-less
Little improvement to their lives
Growing resentment towards middle and upper classes
Luddites – violently opposed machines that replaced workers
Positive effects
More jobs
Technological progress
Cheaper clothing
Healthier diets
More educational opportunities
Higher wages/better working conditions (eventually)
Standard of living increases

9. IV. Impact of Industrial Revolution
Industrialization quickly spread from England to other parts of the world, creating lasting change
Emergence of new competing economic views
Laissez-faire – industry sets working conditions without government regulations (foundation of capitalism)
Adam Smith argued for a free-market economy, three “laws” would keep economy in line
Law of self-interest – People work for their own good
Law of competition – Competition forces people to make a better product
Law of supply & demand – Goods produced at lowest possible price to meet demand

10. IV. Continued… Industrialization helps abolish slavery
Socialism – production (industry) should be owned by the public and operated for the welfare of all
Concerned about social justice and labor rights
Karl Marx – a radical socialist
Communism – private property would end, goods and services shared equally
Called for end of social class divisions through revolution
Industrialization helps abolish slavery
Coupled with ideas of Enlightenment, Ind. Rev. sees end of slavery by late 1800s
Women’s rights movements
Increase in concern for women’s rights and treatment throughout Ind. Rev.
Leads to feminist movements, right to vote, higher education

11. World Population Growth

12. Inventions
SPINNING JENNY
FLYING SHUTTLE

13. CHALLENGE QUESTION! Quick review! What do you remember?
What preceded the Industrial Revolution in England?
What are the three factors of production that allowed England the jump-start the Industrial Revolution?
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14. CHALLENGE QUESTION!
Answer the following question using complete sentences:
Is the Industrial Revolution still happening?
If yes, why?
If no, are we going through some other revolution?
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