1. The Roman Empire

2. History-8/31
What 3 different groups of people lived in Italy prior to the rise of the Roman Empire?
Which group became the strongest and dominated the city of Rome?
Why was the location of Rome so important for the empire?
What city was the rival to Rome? Who led their forces against Rome in the Punic Wars?

3. Issues from the Republican Debate
1. How do we deal with ISIS and other terrorist groups threating the U.S.?
2. Should rich people be taxed more than the middle and lower classes?
3. Should abortion be allowed?
4. How should we deal with immigration?

4. History-10/19 Unit 2 Review: The Roman Empire
Why did Roman Emperor Diocletian split the Empire in half?
What happened to the Western half?
What was the Eastern half renamed and what happened to it?
What was its capital?

6. History-9/22
Why were civilizations such as Greece and Rome considered classical civilizations?
Why was Rome’s location so important for the creation of its empire?
What type of government did the Romans create that the United States uses today?

7. History-9/28
Julius Caesar was considered one of the best _______ of all time.
What were 3 reforms Caesar put in place once he became Dictator for life?
What did his death mark?
What was significant about Augustus?
What was the Pax Romana?

8. Rome’s Beginnings City built in modern-day Italy around 753 B.C.E
Along the Tiber River in the mid point of the Italian Peninsula
Romulus and Remus
Center of the Mediterranean world
Good for trade and military
Groups of people included the Latins, Etruscans, and Greeks
Developed a monarchy in 600 B.C.E

9. The Roman Republic (509-27 B.C.E)
Overtime, the monarchy was eliminated
Rome developed a Republic-people vote for their leaders (509 B.C.E)
The Republic expanded over time
Its geographic location allowed Rome to control the Mediterranean
Punic Wars ( B.C.E)-Rome v. Carthage (Rome won)
Hannibal-Carthage general who attempted to take Rome

10. Rome Expands
Once Rome conquered the Italian Peninsula, all of the Mediterranean was in danger of being conquered.
Rome defeated Hannibal in the Punic Wars in the 200s B.C.E, eliminating its major rival.
Greece was conquered shortly after Carthage
Jerusalem was conquered in the 1st Century B.C.E along with Egypt
Rome had the greatest military in the world
It controlled the Mediterranean trade routes land and sea
Its government was strong and stable

11. Julius Caesar (100-44 B.C.E) Born towards the end of the Republic
One of the best military generals of all time
Commander of the Roman Army in Gaul (France)
Extended the territory of Rome to the Rhine River
Marched on Rome and became the Dictator of the Republic, ending a civil war
Relieved debt, helped the poor, reorganized the calendar, and expanded the Senate
Assassinated in the Senate chambers in 44 B.C.E
After his death, the Republic collapsed

12. The Roman Empire (27 B.C.E-476 C.E)
The Republic collapsed because of economic turmoil and civil war
The Roman Empire-territory ruled by an emperor; makes decisions faster; ruled for life.
Worshipped as a god.
Augustus-First Emperor of the Roman Empire (27 B.C.E-14 C.E); made many reforms
Pax Romana (27 B.C.E-180 C.E.)-207 year period of peace and prosperity in Rome.

13. Ancient Rome

14. The Roman Forum

15. The Roman Coliseum

16. The Roman Legion

17. The Rise of Christianity
Rome was originally polytheistic
In Judea around 6-4 B.C.E, Jesus was born.
Originally, he was a carpenter.
At age 30, Jesus spread his teachings across Judea.
Romans feared and resented Jesus because Christians would not worship Roman gods.
Jesus was crucified in Jerusalem at age 33.

18. The Spread of Christianity
After his death, Christianity spread across the Empire:
Good Roads
Idea of love for all people
Promise of eternal life
Paul-an apostle who spread the teachings of Jesus through a series of letters called Epistles.
Peter-considered the “father of the Roman Catholic Church” (1st Pope)
Emperor Constantine-made Christianity an accepted religion in 313 C.E.

19. Warm Up-9/8
1. Explain what the Roman Emperor Diocletian did to the Empire in the late 3rd Century. 2. Why would he do this? 3. Based on the map, what was the immediate cause to the fall of the Western Roman Empire? 4. What happened in the East?

20. The Fall of the Western Roman Empire (476 C.E)
Following the Pax Romana, Rome had many problems:
Political
Diocletian split the empire into two halves; the East thrived for centuries after
Constantine-moved the capital to Byzantium (later renamed Constantinople)
Social
Disloyalty, corruption, rich v. poor, population decline
Economic
Inflation, food shortage, high taxes, trade disrupted, loss of gold and silver
Military
Attacks from Germanic Tribes (Huns, Visigoths), low funds, decline in patriotism

21. The Legacy of Rome
Classical Civilization-Influenced modern-day countries (art, philosophy, government, literature, architecture)
Republican Government
Latin Language
Arches, arenas
Accurate 365 day calendar
Law

22. 1. What was Alexander the Great’s lasting legacy?

23. 2. What did Sparta emphasize?

24. 3. What type of government developed in Athens?

25. 4. Why did the Romans resent Jesus?

26. 5. Who united Greece for the first time?

27. 6. What city did Rome fight in the Punic Wars?

28. 7. What type of government did the Romans give the United States?

29. 4. Who was the first emperor of the Roman Empire?

30. 5. What was the 207 year time period of peace called during the Roman Empire?

31. 8. Who was the great military general of Rome who helped the poor?

32. Station 1: Political
You are the emperor of the Western Roman Empire. The empire has been split into 2 halves. Most of the wealth is within the Eastern Roman Empire around Constantinople. Constantinople’s high walls protect it from attacks.
Explain the potential problems you as the Western ruler will face once the empire has been split. (3-4 sentences)

33. Station 2: Social
You are a Senator of Rome during the final days of the empire. The emperor is only concerned with his own wealth and power. The other Senators plot ways to kill the emperor or secretly make deals with the attacking Germanic Tribes. You have believed in the glory of Rome all your life.
At this point, what are your feelings about loyalty towards Rome? What kind of ripple effect will this have on the people of Rome if their government has become corrupt? (3-4 sentences)

34. Station 3: Economic
You are a plebeian living in Rome. You have paid 1 dollar for a loaf of bread all your life. All of a sudden, the price of bread rises to 5 dollars, and the value of your dollar is now worth 50 cents. You make 2 dollars a week at your job as a blacksmith.
What effects will this have on your life as well as your family’s? Explain what will happen over time to the economy of Rome. (3-4 sentences)

35. Station 4: Military
You are a military commander of Rome. You have been given the task of defending Rome from Germanic Tribes. There are several Germanic Tribes that are attacking Rome from every direction. You have hardly any money to pay your soldiers.
What will happen to your army over time? How will you deal with this in order to protect Rome? (3-4 sentences)