1. Writing Paragraphs by
Prof. Attaullah Shah

2. Paragraphs Exercise: Checklist for good paragraph writing:
Salient features of a good paragraph
Unity
Coherence
Variety
Emphasis
Checklist for good paragraph writing:
Does the paragraph directly to the question or thesis statement?
Does the paragraph just have one main idea?
Is there a topic sentence which has a topic and controlling idea?
Is the topic sentence supported?
Are nouns and pronouns used appropriately?
Are sentences arranged in a logical order?
Are linking words used?
Is the paragraph clearly linked to the other paragraphs?
Is the paragraph layout correct?

3. Class Activity (20 minutes)
Keeping the basic principles of paragraph writing in mind, write a paragraph of about 15 sentences on any of the following topics:
Importance of Survey Camp in Civil Engineering
Role of Civil Engineering in Society
Civil Engineering and Ethics
My ambition of life as Civil Engineer
The Department of Civil Engineering at City University
The students will be randomly selected to present their paragraph and other students will check its accuracy according to given principles.

4. Memos and s
Memo:
An important mean for communication amongst employees (supervisor, subordinates, coworkers etc.)
Written for different purposes
Documentation ( Admission report, incident report, cost reports
Cover/Transmittal: Attach doc for readers
Confirmation: Meeting date, time, agenda, venue etc.
Procedures: Account opening, ID card preparation, online job application etc.
Recommendations: Purchase new equipment, hire and fire personnel, contract with new vendor, take actions
Feasibility: Study the possibility of possible workplace changes
Status: Daily, weekly, monthly progress reports about site development, procurements etc.
Directive: Delegation of responsibilities ( Inform subordinates of their designated tasks
Inquiry: Ask about upcoming processes., procedures and assignment's

5. Structure of Memo
Every Organization has unique Memo structure called organizational memo style or template
Memos contain the following key elements:
Memo ID Line/Subject;
All readers read it. It must convey possibly sufficient information
One word subject line doesn't communicate effectively \
Example: Subject: Increase in salary of Lab Engineer
Subject: Lab Engineer
A comprehensive subject line, tells the whole story of the memo
Very large subject line crates ambiguity and disiterets
Introduction
Write two introductory sentences
What you want and why are you writing?
Example: In third series of Quality Control meetings, this quarter I would like to get the information about whether some improvement has been made.
As follow-up to our conversation, yesterday I have met with our VP regarding your suggestions. He would like to meet with you and discuss the following ideas………….

6. Structure of Memo-Cont’d
Discussion
Here we want to answer to the questions (Who, what, where Why, When and How)
Conclusion; Conclude your memo with a complementary close or directive close.
Audience recognition: The varied types of audience provides relatively broader challenge.

7. Effective Memo Checklist
Have you used correct Memo format including date, to from, subject lines
Is your subject line correct:
Is it typed all Caps and
Does it contain topic and focus
Does your introduction tell you why are you writing and what are you writing about
Does the body explain, exactly what you want to say?
Does the conclusion tells what next
Is your page format user friendly
Is your style concise
Limit of the words per sentence – Limit of line per paragraph
Is your writing clear
Do you answer reporter's all questions
Do you avoid vague words,

8. Have you written appropriately to your audience
Have you defied high tech terms
Have you personalized your memo appropriately to your audience
Have you checked your memo for spelling, grammatical errors. Proof read your memo before sending.

9. Practice Memo Writing Write Memo on any of the following topics:
01:There is some quality problem at worksite. Your boss has asked you to write a memo noting the problem and suggesting solutions
02: The change in the Students’ Time Table has created problems for some students. The HoD has advised you write to SSO for rectification of the problem