1. Bellringer
For your bellringer, read the article titled “Roman Aqueducts” that you picked up before sitting down, and answer the following questions in complete sentences on a separate sheet of paper:
Who built the aqueducts?
What are aqueducts?
When were these aqueducts built and used?
Where is Rome? (What continent? What country?)
What theme of geography (location, place, region, human-environment interaction, movement) does this article most closely relate to? Why?
Do not put these articles in your binder or take them with you, they stay in class for my other “B” day classes to use as well.

2. How do humans adapt to the world? How do humans alter the world?

3. Adapting to the Environment
People react to daily weather
Daily clothing based on temperature, precipitation

4. Adapting to the Environment
People adapt to extreme weather
PREPARATION for and REACTION to storms
Hurricane, blizzard, tornado, drought, flood

5. Adapting to the Environment
People adapt to climate
How have you adapted to a temperate climate?
How would you adapt to
a tropical climate?
a polar climate?

6. Adapting to the Environment
Climate impacts…
Clothing materials
Housing materials
Transportation modes
Types of recreation

7. Adapting to the Environment
Climate affects agricultural practices
Crops that can be grown in the temperate climate of North America cannot be grown in the tropical climate of Central America
Adapting to low-rainfall with irrigation techniques

8. Adapting to the Environment
Climate affects human settlement patterns
Earliest civilizations developed near rivers
Egyptians: Nile River
Mesopotamians: Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
Chinese: Huang He (Yellow) and Yangtze Rivers
Indians: Indus and Ganges Rivers

9. Adapting to the Environment
People adapt to climate change
El Niño: Warm Pacific currents moving toward Asia reverse direction & carry heat back toward the Americas; Asia & Australia receive cold currents

10. Adapting to the Environment
El Niño: Nature’s problem child
Chris Rock: “A more appropriate name for El Niño would be ‘the Mother****er.’ People would take it more seriously if they heard the weatherman say, ‘Beware! The Mother****er is coming!’”

11. Adapting to the Environment
How do we adapt (change our own behavior or actions) to weather, climate, and climate changes?
WRITE A 3-5 sentence summary in the appropriate place on your Cornell Notes

12. Altering the Environment
Human beings can alter, or change, the environment around them
Some alterations are positive
Some alterations are negative
Some alterations are intentional
Some alterations are accidental

13. Altering the Environment
Landscape Alteration
Terraced farming: Farmers dig flat steps into hillsides and mountains in order to plant crops
Chinese rice fields (in background)
Latin America
Slash-and-burn agriculture: Farmers clear vegetation from land, then burn land to fertilize soil (rainforest destruction)

14. Altering the Environment
Urban development
Building cities and transportation systems
Urbanization (growth of cities) and highway systems
The growth of cities has a negative impact on the environment

15. Altering the Environment
Water, water everywhere!
Dutch Polders: The people of the Netherlands (in Europe) needed more land to support the growing population, so they drained water from the ocean and created new land called polders (p. 282).
Venice, Italy: Italians constructed a city on swampy islands.
Aswan High Dam: To control the annual flooding of the Nile, the Egyptians constructed the Aswan High Dam.
Roman Aqueducts: Ancient Romans built aqueducts to transport water to all parts of the empire.

16. Altering the Environment
Draining, Deforesting, & Drying
Over-irrigation – farmers using water for crops puts a strain .
Deforestation: Europeans are cutting down many large forests to create more farm land.
Desertification: As African farmers clear more trees for farming, the new treeless land dries out and becomes part of the Sahara Desert.
The SAHEL is the region of land that is being taken over by the Sahara Desert.

17. Altering the Environment
POLLUTION!!!
Agricultural runoff (fertilizers wash into water)
Factory and industrial waste (burning chemicals)
Produces smog, releases toxins into air and water
Oil spills (ex: BP in the Gulf of Mexico, 2010)
Landfill: Burial of waste beneath layers of dirt

18. Altering the Environment
Global Warming
Greenhouse Effect: Human beings burn too many fossil fuels. The main one is CO2. Large amounts of CO2 create an invisible wall in the atmosphere. The heated rays of the sun can pass through the wall to reach the earth, but they cannot pass back out into space. The CO2 wall traps the heat inside like a greenhouse.
Global temperatures rising; ice caps are melting; ocean levels are rising; species of plants, animals, and fish are dying.

19. SUMMARY
ADAPT: A powerful natural world sometimes forces human beings to change their behaviors in order to survive or live comfortably.
ALTER: Human beings often take action to control or change the physical space around them.