1. Gettysburg and Vicksburg: The Turning Point of the Civil War
Caroline Conforti, Aden Chon, Gabby Gruszka, Ethan Light

2. Key points on The Civil War
Secession began in December of 1860, when southern states began to withdraw from the United States.
Secession was not something that the south just woke up and decided to do - they had been thinking about the idea of it for a long time.
By mid-1861 eleven states had seceded.
Lincoln felt it was his duty to preserve the Union, which meant getting the seceding states to rejoin the United States.

3. The Civil War: Year of 1863 -Battle of Chancellorsville
-Siege/Battle of Vicksburg
-Battle of Gettysburg
-Gettysburg Address
Chancellorsville: Spotsylvania Cnty, VA Conf. Win (Lee vs. Hooker) Lee pushed North from there

4. Timeline of Civil War 1863
End of Siege of Vicksburg
7/4
Start of Gettysburg
Campaign 6/9
Chancellorsville
4/30-5/6
Start of Siege of Vicksburg
5/18
Battle of Gettysburg
7/1-7/3
Gettysburg Address
9/19

5. first we are going to teach you about the battle of vicksburg, aka the siege of vicksburg. vicksburg was a town in western mississippi on the mississippi river, which held a very powerful confederate fort. vicksburg was an ideal location for a fort, because the confederates could control the mississippi river. there was also a confederate railroad running through vicksburg, which was essential to ship supplies and reinforcements throughout the south. all of these things made vicksburg a very strong fort, but they also meant that losing vicksburg would hurt the confederates a lot.

6. Gettysburg was Robert E
Gettysburg was Robert E. Lee’s most intrusive attempt to attack the North. Most of the Battles this far had been in the South, or near the Virginia-Maryland border. All of a sudden, there would be fighting in Pennsylvania. The Union had to quickly defend their land, and push the Confederated back South.

7. Gettysburg Address
November 19th, Abraham Lincoln gives speech at the dedication of a new cemetery for Gettysburg vets. (20k+ cas. 3k+ death)

8. Vicksburg Today I will be teaching you about the following events:
The Siege of Vicksburg
The Anaconda Plan
Smaller battles of the siege

9. Two commanders of the Siege of Vicksburg
Ulysses S. Grant
John C. Pemberton
Had about 77,000 men
Had about 33,000 men

10. Initial Attack by Union Troops
Created by General Winfield scott.
Anaconda Plan was a union strategy to defeat the confederacy at the beginning of the war.
Capturing the last confederate stronghold would complete the Anaconda plan.

11. The battle
The Union surrounded the city of Vicksburg trapping the Confederates inside the city. The Confederates stayed there about 6 weeks, but ran out of food and other supplies. After that, the Confederates tried to break through the Unions army that surrounded them, but did not succeed and surrendered. The Confederates surrendered 6 weeks after being trapped inside of the city of Vicksburg.

12. Weaponry
The weapons that were used during the siege were guns, cannons,
There were also situations in which both sides would mine and place hundreds of pounds of explosives behind enemy lines (to blow up people, walls, and batteries)

13. Other Events of the Siege
The Battle of Millken’s Bend: The confederacy attempted to cut off Grant’s supply line during the siege.
The Battle of Goodrich’s Landing: Confederates raided a plantation in Louisiana , destroyed property and stole supplies and weapons.
The Battle of Helena : The Confederate troops attacked Helena, Arkansas capturing the fort but failing to break the Union’s defenses.

14. End of Siege The siege ended on July 4, 1863 The siege lasted 47 days
After the Confederate surrendered, the Union won and took control of the fort and Mississippi River.

15. Battle of Gettysburg

16. Battle of Gettysburg (July 1st to July 3rd 1863)
I will be teaching you about the following topics:
Pre - battle
Battle strategies & Weaponry
End of battle
Significance of battle
Hello. I hope that all of you have enjoyed the previous slides, and learned alot! For my portion of this presentation i will be talking to you guys about the Battle of Gettysburg. This was one of the most important battles in the Civil war because it affected so many people. I will first be talking about what happened before the battle and the leading primary and underlying causes, then i will be talking about the battle tactics and stratagies including weaponry, then i will be talking about the end of the battle including the outcome. The last thing that i will be teaching you all today us the significance of the battle and why it was and still is so important

17. Tactics Battle strategies Battle of Gettysburg
The tactics at the battle of Gettysburg were influenced by the weapons used.
Infantry and cavalry on both sides were supported by artillery, which protected both the men and their horses.
When forming for battle, infantry formations marched and fought in a two-rank line of battle, with the men shoulder to shoulder. A line of battle gave the commander the ability to concentrate the firepower of these weapons at a given target

18. Weaponry: Battle strategies Battle of Gettysburg
In the Battle of Gettysburg both of the opposing armies used a range of weapons.
Bayonets, swords, and revolvers were used but the primary infantry weapon was the
Single-Shot rifled musket.
This weapon measured to being about 4 feet 7 inches long and weighed a little over nine pounds.
These weapons had a maximum range of four hundred yards
A well trained soldier could load and fire his musket three times per minute.

20. End of Battle Lee retreats into Virginia
Lee’s desire to constantly be aggressive cost the South the battle.
Lee’s casualties are so high he starts a 27 mile long train of Hospital wagons down the road to Virginia.

21. Pre - battle
Battle of Gettysburg
Who is Robert E. Lee and why did he want the battle of Gettysburg to happen?
Robert E. Lee is known for commanding the confederate army of Northern Virginia until his from 1862 until his surrender in 1865.
These are the three main reasons Lee started the Gettysburg Campaign
Making an offensive move would take pressure off Virginia’s farms during growing season.
A victory in the North would put Political pressure on Lincoln by making the Northerners want to end the war.
A victory in the North would also make it more likely that other countries (mostly England and France) would send their troops to help the Confederacy.

22. Important events / places Battle of Gettysburg
Pickett’s Charge - 15,000 Confederate troops attack General Mead’s troops position along Cemetery ridge. Confeds. fail. Approx. 6k Confed. casualties. Confeds lose and this marks the end of the battle.
Assault of Culp’s hill- Saw fighting all three days of the battle. Around 127 feet above cemetery ridge it was critical for receiving Union army supplies and preventing the Confeds. from reaching Baltimore or Washington D.C.
Cemetery hill- One of the main sights of the Union Army’s artillery, and marks where the Unions defense line begins to turn east.
ETHAN IS PRESENTING THIS

23. Important events / places Battle of Gettysburg
Little round top - Littler of the two hills south of Gettysburg, on the second day it became a critical position in Lee’s flank attack on Mead’s position on cemetery ridge. Gouverner K. Warren sends troops minutes before Confeds. attack.
Defense of Big round top- larger of the two hills south of Gettysburg. On the third day of the battle, Union General Judson Kilpatrick orders General Elon Farnsworth to send cavalry regiments to attack John Bell Hood’s division. three of the four regiments failed, so Farnsworth divided the last regiment, the 1st Vermont into three battalions. Farnsworth leads the second and he is shot five times and dies.
ETHAN IS PRESENTING THIS

24. Red = Confederacy Blue = Union
ETHAN IS PRESENTING THIS

25. Significance of Battle
Battle of Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg is such a important aspect of the civil war.
Did you ever wonder why?

26. Why is the battle of Gettysburg so important?
Significance of battle
Battle of Gettysburg
Why is the battle of Gettysburg so important?
One reason is because of the location of the battle.
The battle was enormous
Lincoln used Gettysburg to justify the cost of the war
The battle of Gettysburg was the turning point of the war

27. Gettysburg as a Turning Point in the War
Lee’s defeat at Gettysburg prevented another large offensive move by the South
The Union now had the upper hand in the war, and the Confederates were forced to play defense until the war’s end.

28. Vicksburg as a Turning Point in the War
The Union hold of Vicksburg prevented the Confederates from using shipping ports on the Mississippi River, and essentially split the South in half.
The Union now had the upper hand in the war, and the Confederates were forced to play defense until the war’s end.

29. The Gettysburg Address as a Role in the War
The language in the Gettysburg Address made the Civil War equally about slavery and equal rights as secession.

30. Facts on Gettysburg address with Historical Context
Lincoln says the word “nation” 5 times in his two minute speech, yet two years back, he is referring to America as “Union”. This is because during the two years Lincoln’s rhetoric changed significantly.
Edward Everett delivers his formal two-hour address before Lincoln gives his two-minute address, speaking in his high pitched voice and his two-minute address left many unimpressed.
Edward was the former president of Harvard.

31. Facts on Gettysburg address with Historical Context continued
Lincoln never mentions sides. He never talks about winners or losers, instead he is asking America to remember why the cause of freedom is still worth fighting for. Remember, he is talking to people who don’t think they can go any further. This speech gives the North motivation.

32. Thank you! Thank you all for watching!
We hope that you enjoyed our presentation and learned a lot!
Now for some rapping...