1. Civil War and Reconstruction
#1 Outbreak of the Civil War

2. Essential Question:
What factors led to the outbreak of the Civil War?
Warm-Up Question:
How did the following events lead to the Civil War in 1861?
States’ Rights Arguments
Slavery
Westward Expansion

4. The Outbreak of the Civil War
Abraham Lincoln’s election in 1860, was the first step towards the outbreak of the Civil War
South Carolinians feared the victory of a Republican president would bring an end to slavery & seceded from the United States
By early 1861, 7 Southern states seceded & formed the Confederate States of America

5. The entire Deep South seceded by Feb 1861
The Upper South did not view Lincoln’s election as a death sentence & did not secede immediately
The entire Deep South seceded by Feb 1861

6. The Confederate States of America
The constitution of the Confederacy:
Protected slavery & states’ rights
Outlawed tariffs
Created a weak national government
Elected Jefferson Davis as president

7. Lincoln viewed Southern secession as illegal & promised to “preserve the Union”

8. “My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that.” —Abraham Lincoln, 1862

9. Fort Sumter
In April 1861, federal soldiers refused Confederate demands to vacate at Fort Sumter in SC
The firing on Fort Sumter proved to be the beginning of the Civil War
When Lincoln sent aid to soldiers, Confederates fired on the fort

10. After Fort Sumter, the upper South states seceded & joined the CSA
Not all slave states seceded; Those that stayed in the Union were called “border states”
After Fort Sumter, the upper South states seceded & joined the CSA

11. The Confederate States of America
Some wished to “let the South depart in peace”

12. Class Activity: What were the advantages & disadvantages of the Union & Confederacy during the Civil War?

13. Class Activity: What were the advantages & disadvantages of the Union & Confederacy during the Civil War?

14. Northern Advantages
At the outbreak of the Civil War, the North had lots of advantages:
Larger population for troops
Greater industrial capacity
Huge edge in RR transportation
Problems for the North:
Had to invade the South to win
Difficult to maintain enthusiasm & support for war over time

15. “King Cotton” diplomacy
Southern Advantages
Although outnumbered & less industrial, South had advantages:
President Davis knew that they did not have to “win” the war; the South only had to drag out the fight & make the North quit
Had the best military leaders
England & France appeared more willing to support the South
“King Cotton” diplomacy
Robert E “Stonewall” J.E.B.
Lee Jackson Stuart

16. Turning Advantages into Strategy
Based upon the advantages of both the Union & Confederacy:
What should each side’s war strategy be?
How can each side maximize their strengths & minimize their weaknesses in order to win?

17. Northern “Anaconda Plan”

18. Southern “Offensive Defense”