1. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

2. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Semiotics
In Semiotics, it is essential to view signs, symbols and icons without assigning any meaning to them, at first.
Pretend you are from another planet, and you have no idea what a symbol means.
First, just describe the symbol.
This is called “the signifier.”
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

3. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
The signifier
The signifier is
a description of the symbol itself.
eg. A red octagon with a white border around the whole shape.
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

4. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 2:
The signified
The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
STOP
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

5. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Pure Semiotics
Pure semioticians do not even believe that we should use the notion of agreed upon shapes (like octagons or triangles) or colours (like red).
For our purposes, in this course, we will use systems of geometry and colour.
Without doing so, describing signifiers would take a very long time.
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

6. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
The signifier
The signifier is
a description of the symbol itself.
eg. A white upside-down triangle inside a
red upside- down triangle.
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

7. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 2:
The signified
The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
Each driver must prepare to stop if necessary to let a driver on another approach proceed.
YIELD
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

8. Arbitrary signs vs. literal signs
Some signs, like the Stop sign or the Yield sign, seem entirely arbitrary.
Why, for example, would we choose an upside-down triangle to represent the concept of yielding?
Other signs, however, like the next one you will see, appear to be designed in a much more user-friendly way. What you see on the sign is precisely what they want you to do, or not do, as the case may be.
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

9. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
The signifier
eg. A black line
that turns 180 degrees to go in the opposite direction. The curved line is covered by a red circle with a line bisecting it across its diameter.
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10. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
In this literal sign, it is apparent what the people who posted the sign want us not to do.
They do not want us to follow the trajectory of the black line.
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

11. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 2:
The signified
The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
No U-Turn
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

12. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Note that the U-turn symbol we just viewed uses another arbitrary convention on which we have all agreed.
The red line through an object, within a circle, means “No ________.” In this famous instance, it means “No ghosts.”
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

13. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Here’s another
example of a “No ______”
sign.
Can you describe
the signifier?
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14. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
If you said “No Trucks,” you are getting ahead a little bit.
You just described ‘the signified.’
Now, what is the signifier?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

15. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
The signifier
eg. A black rectangular object with black circles coming from its base. The black rectangle is covered by a red circle with a line bisecting it across its diameter.
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

16. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 2:
The signified
The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
No Trucks
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

17. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this arbitrary sign?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

18. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
The signifier
eg. A red circle. The red circle has a large white bar bisecting it horizontally across its diameter, but the white bar does not touch the perimeter.
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

19. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 2:
The signified
The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
Do Not Enter
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20. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Here’s a great example of a literal sign, eg. the sign shows us, literally, what they want us to do.
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this literal sign?
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21. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
A black inverted cone with a black arrow that curves in order to navigate around, or avoid, the cone.
Keep in mind that there is no one method of describing a signifier. Your description might be very different from mine.
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

22. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 2:
The signified
The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
Keep Right
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

23. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Here’s a great example of an arbitrary sign. Most students I have taught in-class have no idea of the ‘signified’ or meaning of this sign.
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this sign?
Note: Some
signifiers
are more difficult
to describe than
others.
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

24. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
A vertical white rectangle with a black border just inside its perimeter. Halfway down the rectangle is another blue rectangle, this time, placed horizontally. Inside the
blue rectangle
is a white triangle,
its apex pointing
to the left.
The
base of the triangle is not flat, but curved. Inside the white triangle is a black circle that is slightly oblong, its right edge placed against the curved base of the triangle.
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

25. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 2:
The signified
The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
Crime Watch
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

26. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this sign?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

27. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 2:
The signified
The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
No Parking
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

28. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Assorted No Parking
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

29. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this sign?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

30. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 2:
The signified
The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
Wrong Way
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

31. More Complex Signs and Symbols
Great! So, for a variety of everyday signs and symbols, we’ve looked at the first two levels of Semiotics, the signifier and the signified.
It gets a little more difficult when we start examining more complex signs and symbols.
This is especially true when we realize that a sign’s meaning depends on whom you ask about it.
Signs mean different things to different perceivers (a perceiver is a person who views an object or symbol). A picture of George Bush might symbolize “hero” to a Republican living in Texas. To a person living in Iraq, the same picture might symbolize “Satan” or “conqueror.”
Remember: it depends whom you ask.
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

32. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
The signifier
The signifier is
a description of the symbol itself.
eg. Two gold
triangles inter-
secting; one is
upright, the other is upside
down.
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

33. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 2:
The signified
The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
Star of David
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

34. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
With easier symbols, the function of the symbol is contained within the signified. A stop sign means “stop.”
With more complex symbols, like the Star of David, we require a third level of Semiotics.
Note that this third level is also “signified,” since we are still talking about ‘meaning’ of a symbol.
What is the third level (signified) of meaning of the Star of David, for a Jewish person?
Simple: Judaism, faith, belief, and so on.
What if I ask you to analyze the meaning more deeply? What does the Star of David mean, on a deeper, political level?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

35. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
(2) Star of David
(3) Judaism
-faith
-belief
(4)
-suffering
-Holocaust
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

36. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Thus, for more complex signs and icons, we appreciate that there is probably a deep level of analysis that is required, in order to fully understand a symbol’s meaning.
To Jewish people, the Star of David is a daily reminder of their devout faith in the spiritual ideology of Judaism (third level of Semiotics).
It is also, on a fourth level of Semiotics, a reminder that there is a political component to being a Jew, a component that bears the historical burden of oppression, suffering, and persecution.
Remember to examine all icons of culture with this deep level (or fourth level; also signified) of analysis.
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

37. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
In many slides that follow, I will not provide descriptions of all the signifiers.
I want you to get practice doing the descriptions yourself.
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

38. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this sign?
Note: Some
signifiers
are more difficult
to describe than
others.
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

39. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 2:
The signified
The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
Yin & Yang
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

40. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Yin & Yang
(3) Daoism
-the way
-spirituality
(4)
-harmony
-balance
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

41. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this sign?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

42. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 2:
The signified
The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
JESUS
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

43. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
JESUS
NB: Symbols have many meanings, depending on the person who perceives them.
(3)
-Christianity
-faith
(4)
-For Christians, the savior
For Muslims,
Jesus is not the savior, but he is a great prophet.
-For Christians,
He died to save sinners
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

44. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this sign?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

45. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 2:
The signified
The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
Christian Cross
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

46. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Christian Cross
(3)
-Christianity
-faith
(4)
-suffering
-eternal life
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

47. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Meanings for all perceivers:
But what if I were to ask about 4th level meaning of this symbol to a Muslim living in Jerusalem during the Crusades?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

48. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
If you said ‘conqueror,’ ‘suffering’ or ‘violence,’ you’re right.
Many crusaders wore the Christian Cross on their tunics, shields, and horses, as they attacked and burned the houses and properties of Muslims.
Remember, just because a symbol might have a benign meaning for you, it may not be so for others.
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

49. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this sign?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

50. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 2:
The signified
The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
RED CROSS
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

51. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
(3)
-medical
care
(4)
-humanitarian
efforts
RED CROSS
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

52. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this sign?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

53. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 2:
The signified
The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
U.S.A. FLAG
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

54. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Meanings for all perceivers:
What if I were to ask about 3rd and 4th level meanings of this symbol to a patriotic American?
U.S.A. FLAG
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

55. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Meanings for all perceivers:
But what if I were to ask about 3rd and 4th level meanings of this symbol to a citizen of Baghdad in 2003?
U.S.A. FLAG
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

56. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
For the following group of slides, I’d like you to get practice working with all four levels, from (1) signifier, to (2) signified, to (3) functional meaning, to (4) deeper, political meaning.
Remember to discern levels (3) and (4) for all perceivers: a Canadian flag is not necessarily a symbol of patriotism, multiculturalism, or peace. It depends whom you ask.
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

57. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this sign?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

58. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
CANADIAN FLAG
Level 2:
The signified:
The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
Can you discern meaning on levels 3 and 4, for all perceivers?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

59. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this sign?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

60. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Skull & Crossbones
Level 2:
The signified: The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
Can you discern meaning on levels 3 and 4, for all perceivers?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

61. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this sign?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

62. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Happy Face
Level 2:
The signified: The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
Can you discern meaning on levels 3 and 4, for all perceivers?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

63. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this sign?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

64. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Apple Computers
Level 2:
The signified: The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
Can you discern meaning on levels 3 and 4, for all perceivers?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

65. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this sign?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

66. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
FERRARI
Level 2:
The signified: The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
Can you discern meaning on levels 3 and 4, for all perceivers?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

67. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this sign?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

68. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
NIKE
Level 2:
The signified: The meaning
assigned to the
symbol
Can you discern meaning on levels 3 and 4, for all perceivers?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

69. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Wait!
Let me stop you right there…
If you said only things like speed, sports, and so on, while talking about 4th level meanings of Nike, you’re missing something essential.
What about meanings for all perceivers?
Sweat shops, transnational exploitation, pollution?
Make certain that your analysis includes political critique.
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

70. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this sign?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

71. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Macintosh Computers
Level 2:
The signified: The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
Can you discern meaning on levels 3 and 4, for all perceivers?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

72. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this sign?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

73. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 2:
The signified: The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
Can you discern meaning on levels 3 and 4, for all perceivers?
Nintendo
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

74. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this sign?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

75. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
BATMAN
Level 2:
The signified: The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
Can you discern meaning on levels 3 and 4, for all perceivers?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

76. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this sign?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

77. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Bacardi Rum
Level 2:
The signified: The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
Can you discern meaning on levels 3 and 4, for all perceivers?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

78. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Wait!
Let me stop you right there…
If you said only things like partying, fun, and so on, while talking about 4th level meanings of Bacardi, you’re missing something essential.
What about meanings for all perceivers?
Did you know that Bacardi was one of the main sponsors of the Helms-Burton law, the legislation that, for years, maintained a trade embargo against Cuba? Why? To prevent Cuba’s superior rums from penetrating the American corporate playing field.
Do your homework. Make certain that your analysis includes political critique.
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

79. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this sign?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

80. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
PLAYBOY
Level 2:
The signified: The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
Can you discern meaning on levels 3 and 4, for all perceivers?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

81. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Wait!
Let me stop you right there…
If you said only things like the good life, sex, and so on, while talking about 4th level meanings of Playboy, you’re missing something essential.
What about meanings for all perceivers?
You must include a feminist analysis of Playboy’s iconography. Discuss exploitation and objectification of women. Discuss fragmentation of the female body.
Do your homework. Make certain that your analysis includes political critique.
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

82. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this sign?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

83. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Rolling Stones
Level 2:
The signified: The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
Can you discern meaning on levels 3 and 4, for all perceivers?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

84. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Pop Culture Icons
When I ask students to analysis, for their term essay, a cultural icon, most students choose to cover a very famous human being.
Pop icons include Marilyn Monroe, James Dean, Tupac Shakur, Ella Fitzgerald, and many more.
When choosing your pop icon, remember that you are required to impose the same kind of political analysis you have performed so far on signs and logos.
Is your icon a controversial icon like Tupac or Eminem? For icons like these, much more analysis is required since different types of perceivers see these icons in a variety of different ways.
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

85. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this sign?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

86. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 2:
The signified: The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
Can you discern meaning on levels 3 and 4, for all perceivers?
Jimi Hendrix
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

87. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this sign?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

88. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 2:
The signified: The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
Can you discern meaning on levels 3 and 4, for all perceivers?
Marilyn Monroe
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

89. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this sign?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

90. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Apollo 11 crew
Level 2:
The signified: The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
Can you discern meaning on levels 3 and 4, for all perceivers?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

91. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Wait!
Let me stop you right there…
If you said only things like space exploration and so on, while talking about 4th level meanings of Apollo 11, you’re missing something essential.
What about meanings for all perceivers?
Q: What would a conspiracy theorist call the Apollo 11 crew? A: Actors.
Do your homework. Make certain that your analysis includes political critique.
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

92. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this sign?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

93. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 2:
The signified: The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
Can you discern meaning on levels 3 and 4, for all perceivers?
Eminem
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

94. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Wait!
Let me stop you right there…
If you said only things like ‘great rapper’ and so on, while talking about 4th level meanings of Eminem, you’re missing something essential.
What about meanings for all perceivers?
What would a feminist say about Eminem’s misogynistic lyrics? What would a gay man say about his homophobic content?
Do your homework. Make certain that your analysis includes political critique.
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

95. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this sign?
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

96. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 2:
The signified: The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
Can you discern meaning on levels 3 and 4, for all perceivers?
George W. Bush
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

97. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Wait!
Let me stop you right there…
If you said only things like ‘war hawk’ or ‘buffoon’ and so on, while talking about 4th level meanings of Bush, you’re missing something essential.
What about meanings for all perceivers?
What would a patriotic Republican in Texas have to say about Bush? What would an Afghan war lord have to say?
Do your homework. Make certain that your analysis includes political critique.
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ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

98. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 1 of Semiotics:
Can you describe the signifier of this sign?
9/20/2018
ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

99. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
Level 2:
The signified: The meaning
assigned to the
symbol.
Can you discern meaning on levels 3 and 4, for all perceivers?
Tupac Shakur
9/20/2018
ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180

100. ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180
FIN
9/20/2018
ICONS -- POP CULTURE -- GHUM 1180