Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Period 1 Do Now 1. How is life distributed in aquatic ecosystems? List the 3 zones. 2. List 2 factors that affect the distribution. Page 4 TV/Smart board Dawson, Isaiah Coover, Tessa Alexander Coriyon Payne, Zayla Frison, Jonathan Harrison, Alicia Felton, Joshua Davis, Jarius Jones, Isaiah Lesesne, Jaylah Davis, Tyshion Irwin, Mark Johnson, Charity Hathorn, Lefrazie Bennett, Jeremiah Jackson, Deric Vergara, Kristine Love, Alyonna Has, Marina Vinson, John Miller, Zyriana Sumpter, Ja'ques 10 minutes Kedixa, Torres
2
Period 3 Do Now How is life distributed in aquatic ecosystems? List the 3 zones. List 2 factors that affect the distribution. Page 4 TV/Smart board Brown, Zaria Miller, Matthew Andrews, Artasi Cash, Haily Cook, Taleah Gonzalez, Dulce Labranch, Nikkita Liu, Binying Williams, Jasmine Robinson, Milasantia Haines, Chinae Hills, Desire Gleason, Nikki Sheffield, Caleb Davis, Carl Collins, Jokwon Sellers, De'andr Mack, Charity Johnson, Deaviona Moore, Jamie Hillyard, Kayla Collingwood, Dylan Turner, Destiny Webber, Takarae Jackson, Jalil Johnson, Darren 10 minutes King, Lewis
3
Period 4 Do Now 1.How is life distributed in aquatic ecosystems? List the 3 zones. 2. List 2 factors that affect the distribution. Page 4 TV/Smart board Campbell, Alontae Nelson, Imonn Ford, Precious Evans, Alexis Matthews, Lakeiorioa Robinson, Elijah Millikin, Gwendolyn Hobbs-Haynes, Milan Hopkins, Zamar Moon, Damon Shareef, Jamal Emonie Powell Shepard, Gaven Reed, Solomon Rovig, Elizabeth Grice, Marcus Hamilton, Takera Champagne,Victoria Watson, Veldas Simmons, Shaunice Stammers, Christopher Walton, Jamar 10 minutes
4
Class rules Come into the classroom ready to work.
No eating or drinking in the classroom after breakfast. No profanity. Keep hands, feet and words to yourself. No sleeping or heads on the desks. Attention signal-when I clap You clap
5
C – 2-3 H - raised hand to ask question A – Macromolecules M - at desks P - everyone S - Completed foldable
6
"THE BIG 4" MACROMOLECULES
SC.912.L Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four categories of biological macromolecules. (Moderate) Learning Objectives: Compare and contrast the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four categories of macromolecules. Identify examples of the four categories of macromolecules. Essential Question - How do the different macromolecules meet our needs?
7
Saltine Cracker Demonstration
Place a piece of a saltine cracker on your tongue Allow the cracker to completely dissolve while making mental observations of how it taste. Write down in your notebook page 6, which of the 5 senses you are using and the observations that are being made.
8
Macromolecules Foldable
Fold and cut a piece of paper as shown above to make 4 tabs. FRONT SIDE OF TABS: Tab A 1. Label the tab PROTEIN 2. Sketch and color an AMINO ACID TAB B 1. Label the tab CARBOHYDRATE 2. Sketch and color a molecule of GLUCOSE TAB C 1. Label the tab LIPID 2. Sketch and label a TRIGLYCERIDE TAB D 1. Label the tab NUCLEIC ACID 2. Sketch and color a NUCLEOTIDE BACK SIDE OF TABS; TAB A 1. Give 4 FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS 2. List 2 EXAMPLES OF PROTEINS
9
MACROMOLECULE What is a
A very large molecule, such as a polymer or protein, consisting of many smaller structural units linked together.
10
MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE
Found in all living things Building blocks of all cells Made up of the atoms: Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur There are 4 Carbohydrates C, H, & O Lipids C, H, & O Proteins C, H, O, N, & S Nucleic Acids C, H, O, N, & P
11
Carbohydrates Basic units: monomer - Glucose
Monosaccharides Function: Provide immediate or short-term energy and structural support Examples -breads, cereals, vegetables, fruits, seeds, glucose, starches Talking points 1. They have a 1:2 ratio and can also be written as C6H12O6 1.They are the main source for the body to gain energy 2. They make up the cell wall in plants (this helps they grow tall and is referred to as cellulose) 3. There are two types simple (made up of 1 or 2 monomers, most likely taste sweet) and complex (they are polymers, which most likely taste starchy)
12
Lipids/Fats Basic units: Monomer- glycerol & fatty acids
Functions: provides stored or long-term energy & structure, cushions the body, and prevents heat loss Found in butter, margarine, candy made of fatty acid molecules that consist two distinct regions: a long hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain a hydrophilic head Talking Points 1: What does hydrophobic and Hydrophillic mean? And have them add it to their vocabulary.
13
Saturated Fats contain single carbon-to-carbon bonds
has lots of hydrogen solid at room temperature (beef, pork, chicken, dairy) found in animal products Reduce Intake! can clog blood vessels
14
Unsaturated Fats contain double or triple carbon-to-carbon bonds & fewer hydrogen atoms Liquid at room temperature (oils, nuts, & seeds) found in plant products Better Intake!
15
Molecular structures of Fats
Saturated Fat Unsaturated Fat
16
Look at water notes for final water quiz
Period 1 Do Now Look at water notes for final water quiz TV/Smart board Dawson, Isaiah Coover, Tessa Alexander Coriyon Payne, Zayla Frison, Jonathan Harrison, Alicia Felton, Joshua Davis, Jarius Jones, Isaiah Lesesne, Jaylah Davis, Tyshion Irwin, Mark Johnson, Charity Hathorn, Lefrazie Bennett, Jeremiah Jackson, Deric Vergara, Kristine Love, Alyonna Has, Marina Vinson, John Miller, Zyriana Sumpter, Ja'ques 10 minutes Kedixa, Torres
17
Look at your water notes for final water quiz
Period 3 Do Now Look at your water notes for final water quiz TV/Smart board Brown, Zaria Miller, Matthew Andrews, Artasi Cash, Haily Cook, Taleah Gonzalez, Dulce Labranch, Nikkita Liu, Binying Williams, Jasmine Robinson, Milasantia Haines, Chinae Hills, Desire Gleason, Nikki Sheffield, Caleb Davis, Carl Collins, Jokwon Sellers, De'andr Mack, Charity Johnson, Deaviona Moore, Jamie Hillyard, Kayla Collingwood, Dylan Turner, Destiny Webber, Takarae Jackson, Jalil Johnson, Darren 10 minutes King, Lewis
18
Period 4 Do Now Get a computer, log on, go into the blended learning folder and click on Penda TV/Smart board Campbell, Alontae Nelson, Imonn Ford, Precious Evans, Alexis Matthews, Lakeiorioa Robinson, Elijah Millikin, Gwendolyn Hobbs-Haynes, Milan Hopkins, Zamar Moon, Damon Shareef, Jamal Emonie Powell Shepard, Gaven Reed, Solomon Rovig, Elizabeth Grice, Marcus Hamilton, Takera Champagne,Victoria Watson, Veldas Simmons, Shaunice Stammers, Christopher Walton, Jamar 10 minutes
19
Class rules Come into the classroom ready to work.
No eating or drinking in the classroom after breakfast. No profanity. Keep hands, feet and words to yourself. No sleeping or heads on the desks. Attention signal-when I clap You clap
20
C – 2-3 H - raised hand to ask question A – Macromolecules M - at desks P - everyone S - Completed foldable
21
"THE BIG 4" MACROMOLECULES
SC.912.L Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four categories of biological macromolecules. (Moderate) Learning Objectives: Compare and contrast the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four categories of macromolecules. Identify examples of the four categories of macromolecules. Essential Question - How do the different macromolecules meet our needs?
22
Nucleic Acids Atoms: C, H, O, N, P
Basic units: nucleotides composed of Sugar Phosphate group Base: cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine, uracil There are two types: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) RNA (ribonucleic acid) Function: DNA directs & controls all activities of all cells in an organism – RNA helps; stores & transmits genetic information
23
DNA Structure discovery
James Watson and Francis Crick with DNA Model in 1953.
24
DNA - Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA is the hereditary material passed on from parents to offspring Structure: double- stranded Phosphate group Sugar deoxyribose Bases Cytosine – Guanine Adenine – Thymine
25
RNA RNA helps the DNA Structure: single- stranded
RiboNucleic Acid Structure: single- stranded Basic units: nucleotides Phosphate group Sugar ribose Bases Cytosine – Guanine Adenine – Uracil
26
Nitrogenous Bases DNA RNA
27
Proteins Atoms: C, H, O, N, P, S Basic units: amino acids (20)
Functions: build muscles, fight diseases, & transports substances into and out of the cell, regulates chemical reactions in the body Some are called hormones, enzymes, neurotransmitters, etc. Foods high in protein: meat, eggs, poultry, milk & milk products, nuts, dried beans, peas, & lentils
28
Secondary Structure The hydrogen-bond interaction among strands of amino acids giving alpha helices and beta-sheets shapes . Primary Structure The very basic strand of amino acids
32
Enzymes Are proteins Speed up chemical reactions without being consumed or using energy Enzymes Amylase - breaks down sugar Proteases - break down proteins Lipases - break down lipids Catalase - breaks down hydrogen peroxide
33
Enzyme Action Models Models
34
Enzyme Action Models lock and key model substrate & the enzyme fit together perfectly induced-fit model Enzyme changes shape slightly to accommodate the substrate
35
Factors that affect enzyme action:
Temperature – 37oC best for human enzymes pH – different for each enzyme 7 for amylase in the mouth 2 for pepsin in the stomach 8 for trypsin in the intestines Concentration of enzyme and substrate Coenzymes – helpers such as minerals and vitamins
36
Identifying Macromolecules – An Investigation
The four macromolecules that make up most biological systems are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The prefix macro- means large, so these “large molecules” are found throughout living things. For instance, the cell wall that surrounds a plant cell is made of the carbohydrate starch; the cell membrane that surrounds all living cells is composed of a specific type of lipid, called a phospholipid; muscles in the bodies of animals are composed of proteins; and nucleic acids can be found in the nucleus of plant and animal cells. As you can see, even though these are “large molecules” they are small in relation to what we can see with the human eye. In this aligned investigation, you are going to test for the presence of different macromolecules in foods that may be consumed in an average daily diet. You will also have to identify both the structure and the function of these macromolecules after observing the outcome of each test. Indicators (change color when exposed to specific compounds) – Biuret’s Reagent – changes color from blue to violet in the presence of protein. Biuret’s contains NaOH, sodium hydroxide, which is a strong base. Do not allow contact with your skin or other material. Benedict’s Solution – changes color from blue to green in the presence of a small amount of simple sugars, from blue to orange in the presence of a moderate amount of simple sugars, and blue to brown in the presence of a large amount of simple sugars. Benedict’s Solution can stain clothing. It also only changes color after being heated for 3 to 5 minutes in boiling water. Extreme caution should be used when dealing with warming tubes. Iodine – changes color from brown to dark purple in the presence of starch. Iodine is poisonous and can stain hands and clothing. Utilize appropriate lab safety practices when dealing with iodine and ask your teacher for assistance if you have any questions. Sudan III – changes the color of the sample red and you can look closely and see individual lipid molecules. Sudan III can stain hands and clothing. Utilize appropriate lab safety practices when dealing with Sudan III and ask your teacher for assistance if you have any questions.
37
Complete the Pre lab Questions
What is the purpose of having distilled water as one of your test substances? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What macromolecule will we not be testing for in today’s lab? What is the function of that macromolecule? In the table below, fill in the function of each of the four types of macromolecules.
38
Write the question on page 12
Resistance to antibiotics results from variations in the genetic code of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Which type of molecule encodes genetic information in Streptococcus pneumoniae? A. carbohydrate B. fatty acid C. nucleic acid D. protein.
Similar presentations
