1. Chapter 7 Cell Structure & Function
TN State Standard
Compare the structure and function of cellular organelles in both
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

2. Bell Work
1. What are two characteristics that all cells have in common?
All cells are surrounded by a barrier called a cell membrane
They contain the molecule that carries biological information- DNA.
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Which macromolecule makes up a major component of the cell membrane? Lipids
Which macromolecule is DNA an example of?

3. Bell Work
2. What is the largest difference between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes?
Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus in which their genetic material is separated from the rest of the cell.
Prokaryotic cells have genetic material that is not contained in a nucleus.
Page # 173

4. Bell Work Review

5. 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
What is an organelle?
A specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell
Cell biologists divide the eukaryotic cell into two major parts:
the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
The Cytoplasm is the portion of the cell outside the nucleus.

6. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Animal Cell
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Ribosome (free)
Nuclear envelope
Cell membrane
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome (attached)
ADD Rough ER, ribosomes, & smooth ER
Centrioles
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrion
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7. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Plant Cell
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Nuclear envelope
Ribosome (free)
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome (attached)
Cell wall
Golgi apparatus
Cell membrane
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
Vacuole
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8. 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
2. Cirlce the letter of each structure that animal cells contain: b. lysosomes c. mitochondrion d. ER (endoplasmic reticulum)

9. 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
3. Circle the letter of each structure that plant cells contain: a. cell wall b. ER (endoplasmic reticulum) d. chloroplast

10. 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
4. What is the function of the nucleus? It is the control center of the cell 5. What important molecules does the nucleus contain? DNA 6. The granular material visible within the nucleus is called ______________. chromatin

11. 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
7. What does the chromatin consist of? It consists of DNA bound to protein 8. What are chromosomes? They are distinct, threadlike structures that contain the genetic information that is passed down from one generation of cells to the next.

12. 7-2 Eukaryotic Structures
9. Most nuclei contain a small, dense region known as the ________________.
nucleolus
10. What occurs in the nucleolus?
This is where the assembly of ribosomes begins.
11. What is the nuclear envelope?
It is a double-membrane layer that surrounds the nucleus.

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Nucleus
The Nucleus
Chromatin
Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
The nucleus controls most cell processes and contains the hereditary information of DNA. The DNA combines with protein to form chromatin, which is found throughout the nucleus. The small, dense region in the nucleus is the nucleolus.
Nuclear pores
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14. 7-2 Eukaryotic Structures
12. What are ribosomes? Ribosomes are small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm that are involved in protein synthesis. ** Proteins are assembled on ribosomes **

15. 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structures
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum? The ER is the site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell. 13. What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER? Ribosomes are found on the surface of the rough ER. There are no ribosomes on smooth ER.
Lipids- categories include: fats, oils, waxes, steroids

16. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ribosomes)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
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17. 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structures
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? The function of the Golgi apparatus is to modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or movement outside the cell. 14. Using the cell as a factory analogy, describe the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell: It is like a customization shop, where the finishing touches are put on proteins before they are ready to leave the “factory”.

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Golgi Apparatus
The Golgi apparatus appears as a stack of closely apposed membranes.
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins. Notice the stacklike membranes that make up the Golgi apparatus.
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19. 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structures
15. Which statements are true about lysosomes? b. They break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness. d. They contain enzymes that break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.
Enzymes are what kind of macromolecule? Proteins

20. 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structures
16. What are vacuoles? They are saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. 17. What is the role of the central vacuole in plants? When the central vacuole is filled with liquid, the pressure within the vacuole supports the heavy structures of the plant, such as leaves & flowers.

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Vacuoles
In many plant cells there is a single, large central vacuole filled with liquid.
Vacuole
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22. 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structures
18. How does the contractile vacuole in a paramecium help maintain homeostasis? By contracting rhythmically, the contractile vacuole pumps excess water out of the cell.

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Vacuoles
Contractile vacuole
The paramecium contains a contractile vacuole that pumps excess water out of the cell.
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24. 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structures
19. True or False: Both chloroplasts and mitochondrion are enclosed by two membranes. True 20. Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain their own genetic information in the form of ______. small DNA molecules

25. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Plants and some other organisms contain chloroplasts.
Chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.
Energy currency of the cell- ATP
Carbon dioxide & water- sugar & oxygen
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26. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
21. What are the mitochondria?
Mitochondria are organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.
Oxygen + glucose – carbon dioxide + water + energy
Mitochondrion
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27. 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structures
22. Are mitochondria found in plant cells, animal cells, or both? They are found in both 23. Where are chloroplasts found? Chloroplasts are found in plant cells and some other organisms but not in animal cells.

28. 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structures
24. Biologist Lynn Margulis has suggested that mitochondria and chloroplasts are descendants of what kind of organism? -- ancient prokaryotes 25. What is the cytoskeleton? It is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape.
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Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton
Cell membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum
Microtubule
The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement. Microtubules are part of the cytoskeleton that help maintain cell shape.
Microfilament
Ribosomes
Mitochondrion
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30. 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structures
26. Complete the table about the structures that make up the cytoskeleton.
Structure Description Functions
Microtubules Hollow tubes of tubulins
*Maintain cell shape
*help build cilia & flagella
*form centrioles in cell division

31. 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structures
26 continued
Structure Description Functions
Microfilaments threadlike structures made of actin
*support the cell
*helps cells move
Centrioles- help to organize cell division.

32. 7-2 EXIT TICKET Take out a sheet of notebook paper
Write your name & class period on it
Number each question and write the letter choice
Turn in the Exit Ticket on your way out of the room
Make sure to complete the cell factory assignment for homework.

33. Exit Ticket
Which organelle uses energy from sunlight to make chemical energy in a process known as photosynthesis?
Ribosome
Lysosome
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast

34. Exit Ticket
2. Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use?
Ribosome
Lysosome
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast

35. Exit Ticket
3. Which organelle is filled with enzymes that breakdown or digest lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins?
Ribosome
Lysosome
C. Vacuole
D. Cytoskeleton

36. Exit Ticket
4. Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or movement out of the cell? A. Endoplasmic Reticulum B. Golgi Apparatus C. Nucleus D. Ribosomes

37. Exit Ticket
5. Proteins are assembled on which organelle? A. Nucleus B. Mitochondrion C. Ribosomes D. Vacuole

38. Exit Ticket
6. Which organelle contains nearly all the cell’s DNA and with it the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules? A. Nucleus B. Ribosomes C. Endoplasmic Reticulum D. Golgi Apparatus

39. BONUS
Name two organelles that are found in plant cells but not animal cells: Chloroplast & Cell Wall