1. Group Quantitative Designs
First, let us consider how one chooses a design. There is no easy formula for choice of design. The choice of a design should be based on overall considerations of the study, that is, the theoretical framework, the problem, the hypotheses, the treatments, measures, settings, costs, feasibility, and time, to name a few.

2. Correlational research
Assesses strength of a relationship between two or more variables.
Cannot imply causality
However it can:
Help with prediction of future events
Provide data that is consistent or inconsistent with a particular scientific theory.
Correlational research can’t prove a theory, but it can disprove/negate a theory.

3. Correlational Research Methods
What is main purpose of Corre

4. Pre-Experimental Designs
One-Shot Case Study
X O
One Group Pretest-Posttest Design
O1 X O2
Intact Group Comparison
X O1 O2

5. Experimental Designs Posttest-Only Control Group Design R X O1 R O2
Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design R O1 X O2 R O3 O4

6. Quasi-Experimental Designs
Nonequivalent Control Group Design O1 X O
O3 O4
Separate Sample Pretest-Posttest Designs O1 X O2
O3 O4 X O5

7. Quasi-Experimental Designs
Interrupted Time-Series Design O1 O2 O3 O4 X O5 O6 O7 O8
Recurrent Institutional Cycle Design (institutional cohort design) X O1
O2 X O3

8. Ex Post Facto Designs One-Shot Case Study
One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design
Co-Relational Study
O1 O2
Static Group Design
X O O