1. Chapter 2 Wireless Networking
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

2. Outline Evolution of Mobile Communication Systems GPRS Overview
Introduction to 3G
Mobile Data Services
3G Terminals
Products Demo
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

3. Evolution of Mobile Communication Systems
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

4. Cellular Networks North America: 1G: 2G 3G
AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System); Analog 2G
NAMPS; Analog
TDMA (IS-54, IS-136); Digital
CDMA (IS-95); Digital 3G
IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications for the year 2000); Digital
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

5. Cellular Networks European 1G 2G 3G
TACS (Total Access Communication System); Analog
NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone); Analog; NMT-450, NMT-900 2G
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications); Digital: GSM900, DCS1800, DCS1900 3G
UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems); Digital
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

6. Cellular Networks Japan Germany 2G 1G PDC (Personal Digital Cellular)
C-Nets
GSM
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

7. Cordless Telephones European America Canada Japan
CT1, CT2 (Cordless Telephone, second generation)
DECT (Digital European Cordless Telecommunications)
America
PACS (Personal Access Communications System)
Canada
CT2Plus (CT2, enhanced version)
Japan
PHS (Personal Handyphone System)
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

8. Packet Networks RAM/Mobitex, ARDIS/Modacom
TETRA (Trans European Trunked Radio System)
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

9. Data over Cellular CDPD (Cellular Digital Packet Data, over AMPS)
GPRS-136 (over IS-136 TDMA)
IS-95B (over CDMA)
HSCSD (High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data)
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service, over GSM)
EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution)
ECSD (Enhanced Circuit-Switched Data; circuit-mode)
EGPRS (Enhanced GPRS; packet-mode)
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

10. Paging Germany, France, Switzerland Pan-European Eurosignal in 1970s
ERMES (European Radio Message System) in 1992
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

11. Coverage and Bit Rate
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

12. Migration
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

13. Evolving Towards Broadband Era1
st Generation 2 nd
Generation 3
rd Generation
1999
2000
Analog
Digital
AMPS ★
DAMPS/TDMA
IMT-2000/UMTS
Text messaging CDPD
Data
Data: No W -
CDMA
Speed (kbps)
N/A
N/A
Frequency:
CDMA 2000
Frequency
824~893 MHz
824~893 MHz
TACS
GSM
Frequency
Data
Text messaging HSCSD
GPRS EDGE
1885~2025MHz
Speed (kbps)
9.6~14.4 64
115~144
384Kbps
and
Frequency
900, 1800, 1900 MHz
2110~2200MHz
CDMA
Data
Text messaging
CSD for CDMA PSD for CDMA
Speed
Data: No
Speed (kbps)
N/A
N/A
N/A
115~2048 Kbps
Frequency
PDC
Text messaging PDC P
Data
Speed (kbps)
9.6~14.4
N/A
Frequency
1800~1900 MHz
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

14. Evolution of Mobile Data
Evolving GSM
Wireless Application Protocol
Source: GSA,and TCC
/2002
1st generation-
Analog-based systems
2nd generation-
Digital radio systems on
circuit-switch telecom
networks,low data speeds
1st generation
2nd generation
AMPS
GSM
HSCSD
GPRS
EDGE
W-CDMA
3rd generation
9.6 kbps
57.6 kbps
115 kbps
384 kbps
2 Mbps
1.SMS
Messaging
2.Web Mail
3.Information
Services
4.Financial
Services-
Information
Access
5.Financial
Services -
transactions
6.Mobile
banking
7.Mobile
Shopping
8.Internet
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

15. GPRS OVERVIEW
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

16. Data Services : from GSM to GPRS
Too
expensive
complicated
Inefficient
use of radio
resources
slow No
need
True plug & play
Emerging
standards:
MDI, WAP, Java
PDA, Smart
Phones
Shared use
of radio
packet
switched
transmission
Comfortable
speed
New coding
schemes
&
channel
combining
Value added
services
Extensions of
corporate,
intranet,
& internet
applications
Reasonable
costs
Volume
oriented
accounting
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

17. GPRS : Main Improvements
Higher transmission rates
four new coding schemes allow different data rates of CS kbit/s, CS kbit/s (in 10/00)
CS kbit/s, CS kbit/s (in E/01)
channel combining
Increased radio resource efficiency
radio resources will be used only during data transmission
shared access of the same channel
Connection of GSM and IP world
Volume dependent charging
Faster session set-up
Always connected
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

18. GPRS Covered Applications
continiously
bursty
Point to
Point
Multipoint
unidirectional
bidirectional
Multimedia
Group Communication
Multicast
Broadcast
Traffic Telematics
Mobile Office
Video
Conference
Video Phone
interactive
COMMUNICATION SERVICE
TYPE OF DATA TRANSMISSION
Group Call
Internet Surfing
Dialog Messaging
Fleet Management
Database Access
Route Guidance
2-way-Paging
Point of Sale
File Transfer
FAX
GPRS
Telemetry
Paging
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

19. GPRS : an Ideal Transport for WAP
WAP-enabled GPRS terminals/handsets will provide
easy access to the world of information at your fingertips
Application
Server
WWW
Content
Carrier
Information
E-Commerce
WAP Gateway
Wireless Network
GPRS
Internet/
Intranet
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

20. WAP Migration from GSM to GPRS
Traffic Alert:
Motorway A8
from München
to Nürnberg
congested
Alternative route:
leave motorway at
X-Dorf and follow
the orange signs OK
>
GSM
GPRS
X-Dorf
Y-Dorf
Nürnberg
München A8
User receives basically the same information, but with
GPRS better presentation of information possible
WAP over GSM is inefficient use of radio resources
WAP over GSM is too expensive
WAP over GSM is too slow
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

21. WAP and GPRS are the Enabler for Converting Voice and Data
Mobile Data Applications are the first step to combine Internet with Mobility
Audio / Video Steaming
ISDN services
Video telephony
Wideband data services
Computer
Internet access
Electronic mail
Real-time image transfer
Multimedia document transfer
Mobile computing
Video on demand
Interactive video services
TV/radio/data contribution & distribution
– mobility
– wideband services
UMTS
– high speed services
– personal services
Telecommunication
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

22. Service Capability Servers
Integration of 2G and 3G
Application
Service
Control
MSC
SGSN
HLR SG
GMSC/Transit
Transport
Media Gateway
Media Gateway/GGSN
User data
Internet Intranets
PSTN/ ISDN
Service Capability Servers
GSM
EDGE
WCDMA
Backbone
Element
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

23. Conceptual Network Architecture of GPRS / 3G
BSS
SSS
PSTN
(Voice)
Internet
WAP
VPN
GPRS
GSM&GPRS system
UTRAN
U_MSC
3G system
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

24. 3G Introduction
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

25. The Third Generation Systems
Specifications: 3GPP WCDMA & 3GPP2 CDMA2000
High data rate for Video transmission and networking
Main applications: audio & video phones、stock exchange、 、mobile banking、mobile Internet、e-maps、Information or news etc.
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

26. Characteristics of 3G Wideband CDMA Multimedia applications
better audio quality
increased capacity
better bandwidth efficiency
high data rate
integration with 2G systems
global roaming
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

27. Spectrum MHz 1700 1800 1900 2100 2200 Asia- Pacific China Japan Europe
IMT-2000
MSS
PCS A
PCS B
PCS C
UPCS
PCS D
PCS E
PCS F
DECT
GSM1800
(UL)
(DL)
(FDD DL)
(FDD UL)
TDD
IMT-2000(FDD UL)
PHS
RLL
PCS
IMT-
2000
IMT-2000(FDD DL)
Reserved
IMT-2000 Additional spectrum
MHz
1700
1800
1900
2100
2200
Asia-
Pacific
China
Japan
Europe
Americas
ITU-R
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

28. License 1999 2000 2001 Awarded March 99 March 00 2018/9/20
AUSTRIA
FRANCE
BELGIUM
PORTUGAL
SWEDEN
SPAIN
SWITZER-
LAND
IRELAND
HONG KONG
GERMANY
NETHERLANDS UK
S. KOREA
JAPAN
ITALY
NORWAY
DENMARK
FINLAND
NEW ZEALAND
1999
2000
2001
AUSTRALIA
Awarded
March 99
March 00
Auction running
SOUTH
AFRICA
TAIWAN
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

29. Data Transmission Rate
Outdoor (rural):
maximum rate: 144 kbit/s
maximum speed 500 km/h
Outdoor (suburb):
maximum rate: 384 kbit/s
maximum speed 120 km/h
Indoor and Metropolitan:
maximum rate: 2 Mbit/s
maximum speed 10 km/h
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

30. Handover/roaming and service continuity between all modes
UTRA/FDD 384 kbit/s
EDGE
473 kbit/s
UTRA/TDD 2 Mbit/s
GPRS
144 kbit/s
Microcell, indoors and private
National and legacy
Smaller cities
Large cities
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng
$2$

31. Intelligent Filtering
Content Adaptation
A BRIDGE
23K bytes
24-bit color
192x192
8K bytes
256 color
128x128
4K bytes
4-bit grey
96x96
600 bytes
B&W
64x64
16 bytes
Text
Time to transmit at 14.4k bps (in seconds)
Intelligent Filtering
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

32. Broadband and Services
9.6 kbps
56 kbps
3 mins
3 mins
15 secs
15 secs
115 kbps
384 kbps
3 mins
3 mins
15 secs
15 secs
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

33. What are the Driving Forces ? Mobile Internet Services & Applications
Downloading a 2MBytes music file
CSD at 9.6 kbit/s
GPRS at 100 kbit/s
EDGE at 384 kbit/s
UMTS at 2 Mbit/s
30 mn
3 mn
41 s
8 s
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng
$2$

34. Conceptual Service Diagram
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

35. Multimedia Services
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

36. Voice and Data Markets
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

37. Mobile and Internet Markets
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

38. M-Business: Mobile and internet
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Subscriptions worldwide (bn)
Mobile internet
subscriber
Mobile
Fixed
Mobile Internet
Fixed Internet
1995
2000
2005
2010
Source: Ovum, ICN M CM
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

39. Mobile Data Services
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

40. Global Trends in Mobile Communications
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Mio Mobile Subscriber
World
GSM grows steady
voice market starts to saturate
new technical possibilities
Other technologies
GSM
Focus on revenue generation
Focus on subscriber base growth OR
NEW SERVICES
Source: Siemens
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

41. Predictions for Mobile Data Market
Growth in subscriber base and data volume lead to exponential revenue increase 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
in million subscriber
early adopters
early majority
Late majority
innovators
growth in mobile data is expected to be 70% p.a. in next 5 years
in 1997 the market has moved out of the development phase
(Merryl Lynch)
(FT 1997)
data will account for up to 75% of total mobile traffic
by 2005 up to 40% of people in the EU will be using mobile phones (wireless internet) 30 25 20
Mbytes per user per month 15
Today 10
1.8 Mb/user/month 5
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
1.8 Mb/month=21 bits/sec/user/BH
Source: UMTS Forum
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

42. An Example of Mobile Data Services: i-mode (NTT DoCoMo)
I-mode gained 4½ million subscribers within the first 10 month of operation
subscribers have access to hundreds of content proverders and thousands of Web sites
content avalible that business users and consumers want and need
successful due to creation of a complete “ecosystem“
applications, network and terminals
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

43. Mobile Data – The Value Chain Possibilities
Advantages of occupying the element
Traditional business
Existing customer relationship
Owner of equipment
Separation IT & Telecom
Closer customer relationship
Joint fixed/mobile offering
Value Added Offering possible
Evolution towards GPRS/UMTS
Control over content
Content revenues
Quick application roll out
Entrance to vertical market
Operator has the opportunities to get into the service and content provisioning for mobile data
Operator
Service Provider
Content Provider
User
Higher Churn rate through lack of control over content
Missed Opportunities in Internet Business
Decreasing Margins
Less control over customer relationship
RoI
Required know how
lack of control over content and quality
RoI
Strong competition
Appropriate alliances
Required know how
Operator´s position in the value chain
100 % operator
Operator’s opportunities
0 % operator
Risks of occupying the element
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

44. M-Business: future value chain
Operator
Service Provider
User
Content Provider
Backbone
Provider
Content
Enterprise
Retailer
Service
Application
Access
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

45. Detailed Value Chain for M-Business
Content
Packagers
Content
Provider
Service
Packagers
Service
Provider
Retailers
Users
Network
Operators
Infrastructure
Terminals
Supplier
Equipment
Vendor
100% current PLMN
partly current PLMN
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

46. Billing Possibilities
Time ?
Volume ?
Transaction ?
QoS ?
Flat Fee
What do users accept?
Keep it transparent to your customers
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

47. In the voice arena, the network operator captures more than 70% of the market
Traditional value chain split in the market
Content Provider
Portal -
Community Provider
Service Provider
Network Operator
End User
Network and services 95%
Portal, advertisements and content not very important
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng
Source: Arthur D. Little / Lucent Technologies

48. Advertisement revenues
Importance of Roles
Future value chain split in the market
Content Provider
Portal -
Community Provider
Service Provider
Network Operator
End User
The network operators must ensure that the content will be accessed through their network - otherwise they will miss out
Advertisement revenues
The new value chain definitely brings new opportunities, but also risks !
Network and services now 50%, but portal/advertisements and content is becoming more and more important !
Provide portal and let the content providers sit in your network (either yourself or partnering !)
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng
Source: Arthur D. Little / Lucent Technologies

49. Business Model (1) Today’s voice dominated world GSM/UMTS
Advertisement
Example:
Voice, fax
WLL
Revenue Flow
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

50. Business Model (2) User pays for access and ASP Example:
Online Banking
E-cash
appointment
GSM/UMTS
Application
Service
Provider
Advertisement
Content
Provider
Revenue Flow
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

51. Business Model (3) User pay only for content/ASP Example:
Personal radio
Interactive games
e-betting
GSM/UMTS
Application
Service
Provider
Advertisement
Content
Provider
Revenue Flow
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

52. Business Model (4) User contracts only Operator Example: Tourist Info
Sports results
Micropayment e.g. Parking, Vending
GSM/UMTS
Application
Service
Provider
Advertisement
Content
Provider
Revenue Flow
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

53. Business Model (5) User contracts with ASP Example:
Government Services
Car Perfomance Monitor
Gaming e.g. Nintendo
GSM/UMTS
Application
Service
Provider
Advertisement
Revenue Flow
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

54. Applications Category
Application Types:
Interaction and Commerce
Reservation & Booking
Intelligent Vending Machine
i.e. Drinks, Cigarettes, Tickets
Interactive Shopping
Online Auctions
Prepaid recharging (Honey Money)
Banking Services
Bank Account Enquiry
Online Banking
Stock Trading
Entertainment/Games
Trivial Pursuit
Interactive Games (Chess)
e-postcard
Audio streaming
Betting (horse race)
Lotto, Bingo
Mobile Office
Organizer
Corporate Directory
Voic
Fax
Notifications
Unified Messaging
Intranet Access
Information services
Tourist Information
Hotel & Restaurant Finder
Public Directory Services
Horoscope
News (all types)
i.e. world, sports, financial, travel,
traffic, events, weather, TV-program,
Location Services
Restaurant-Finder
Navigation Guide
Surveillance & Security
Video Surveillance
Household Devices Control
Traffic Guidance
Education
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

55. 3G Terminals
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

56. Trends of Handsets GSM GPRS EDGE/UMTS TEXT FILES VIDEO CLIPS
Typical applications:
Simple messaging
Event notification
Push/pull info services
Simple e-commerce
Web browsing
business processes
leisure services
e-commerce
E-commerce (interactive shopping, adverts etc)
Entertainment services
Business processes
Typical file size:
.DOC (text) kB
.XL (s/sheet) kB
.PPT (graphics) 1,000 kB
.GIF (photo) kB
.HTML (web page) kB
SMS 0.2 kB
5 kB
WML 2 kB
MPEG-4 (30sec video) 4 MB
MPEG-3 (3 min audio) 2 MB
GSM
GPRS
EDGE/UMTS
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

57. Concepts of 3G Handsets Data Rates: 384k~2M bps
Color screen of high resolution
and quality
Support multimedia
Dual mode (GSM/UMTS) operation
Bluetooth transmission viable
Global roaming
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

58. Products Demo
2018/9/20
Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

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