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PART 5 THE Autonomic Nervous system
Unit 3 Communication and Control
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Nervous System Divisions
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A. INTRODUCTION
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The Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic = visceral A subdivision of the PNS Sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric divisions Regulates Glands Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle ANS activities are automatic (involuntary)
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iCLICKER Your client is prescribed a medication that targets the autonomic nervous system. Which effector will NOT be directly affected? Cardiac muscle Glands Smooth muscle Skeletal muscle
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Review of SNS Voluntary and reflexive movements
If somatic neurons stop = all communication with effector stops
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The Autonomic Nervous System
ANS components similar to those in SNS Sensory Receptor (intero, chemo, mechano) Autonomic Sensory Neuron Integrating Center Effector Autonomic (preganglionic)Motor Neuron Autonomic (postganglionic) Motor Neuron Table 15.1
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iCLICKER How many neurons are in an autonomic motor pathway ? 1 2 3 4
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ANS Focuses on Efferent System
Autonomic pathways = two motor neurons connecting SC effector Preganglionic Motor Neuron SC or brainstem (cell body) ganglion Myelinated Postganglionic Motor Neuron Ganglion (cell body) effector Unmyelinated NOTE: SNS has uninterrupted synapse
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B. ANATOMY OF THE ANS Most organs have dual innervation INTRODUCTION
Body movement results from alternating contraction (shortening) and relaxation of muscles; the skeletal system provides leverage and a supportive framework for this movement. Most organs have dual innervation
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Sympathetic Nervous System
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Sympathetic Nervous System
Autonomic motor neurons Spinal cord Autonomic ganglion Sympathetic preganglionic neuron (myelinated) Sympathetic postganglionic neuron (unmyelinated) Effectors: glands, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle (e.g., in urinary bladder)
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Sympathetic Nervous System
Exception to typical SANS system
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Sympathetic Chains
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Sympathetic Ganglia Right sympathetic trunk ganglion CELIAC GANGLION
SUPERIOR MESENTERIC GANGLION INFERIOR MESENTERIC GANGLION Right sympathetic trunk ganglion Anterior view
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Figure 15.2 Structure of the Sympathetic ANS
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iCLICKER Which nerves carry sympathetic motor output? cranial nerves
spinal nerves cranial nerves and spinal nerves
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iCLICKER Which neurotransmitter is released by sympathetic postganglionic neurons? acetylcholine epinephrine norepinephrine both b) and c)
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
Autonomic ganglion ACh Spinal cord Parasympathetic preganglionic neuron (myelinated) Parasympathetic postganglionic neuron (unmyelinated) Effectors: glands, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle
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Terminal ganglia
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Figure 15.3 Structure of the Parasympathetic ANS
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iCLICKER Which nerves carry parasympathetic motor output?
cranial nerves spinal nerves cranial nerves and spinal nerves
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iCLICKER Which neurotransmitter is released by parasympathetic postganglionic neurons? acetylcholine epinephrine norepinephrine both b) and c)
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Enteric Nervous System
Nerves & ganglia Wall of GI tract, pancreas, gallbladder GI tract needs to respond to environmental stimuli to fnc (like skin) ENS usually fnc independently from CNS
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ANS Receptors
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ANS Receptors
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iCLICKER Which receptor is found on effector cells of the parasympathetic nervous system? alpha beta muscarinic nicotinic
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C. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ANS
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Autonomic Reflexes Interoreceptor Sensory Neuron PreganglionicNeuron
Integrating Center Effector Postganglionic Neuron
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Pupillary Light Reflex
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Pupillary Light Reflex
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The Effect of Higher Brain Centers on ANS Functions
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D. FUNCTIONS OF THE ANS
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Sympathetic Responses
Four Es
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Parasympathetic Responses
SLUDD
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