1. Warm Up 1. What is the difference between an open and a closed system?
2. What are Earth’s 4 sphere’s?
3. What was the problem with DDT?
4. What is the percentage of gases in the atmosphere?

2. Chapter 2 Section 3 - Ecology

3. Ecosystems Ecology Ecosystems
Study of complex relationships between living and nonliving things
Ecosystems
Many different sizes
Largest: Biosphere

4. Ecosystems Most ecosystems have balance of plants and animals
Producers
Consumers

5. Balancing Forces Organisms use matter and energy
Population growth- limited
Carrying Capacity
Largest population environment can support

6. Responses to Change Change can affect ecosystems in unpredictable ways
Sudden disturbances- damage and disrupt ecosystems

7. Energy Transfer Sun—Ultimate source of energy Photosynthesis
Energy transfer in ecosystems
Solar energy to plants to animals to decomposers

8. Autotrophs or Producers
Autotrophs – use energy from the environment to produce living tissue

9. Energy from the Sun Main autotrophs on: Land – plants Ocean – algae
Cyanobacteria – tidal flats and salt marshes

10. Consumers or Heterotrophs
Heterotrophs – organisms that rely on other organisms for energy and food
Herbivores
Carnivores
Omnivores
Detritivores
Decomposers

11. Herbivores Herbivores – obtain energy by only eating plants Cows
Caterpillars
Deer

12. Carnivores
Carnivores – eat other animals
Snakes
Dogs
Owls

13. Omnivores
Omnivores – eat both plants and animals
Humans
Bears
Crows

14. Detritivores
Detritivores – Feed on plant and animal remains called detritus
Mites
Earthworms
Snails
Crabs

15. Decomposers
Decomposers – break down organic matter
Bacteria
Fungus

16. Feeding Relationships
Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction
1. Sun or inorganic compounds
2. Autotrophs or Producers
3. Heterotrophs or Consumers

17. Food Chains
Food Chain – series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating or being eaten
Zooplankton – microscopic consumer
_____ steps removed from the producer

20. Food Webs Most feeding relationships are complicated
Food Web – links all the food chains in an ecosystem together
A group of food chains intertwined

22. Trophic Levels Trophic Level – each step in a food chain / web
Producers – 1st level
Consumers – 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc.
Each depend on level below for energy