1. Principles of Anatomy and physiology structure and function of the CV system
Kevin Browne

2. Starter Activity
In pairs, write down as many structures of the cardiovascular system as you can. Once you get stuck, begin to ask other students who you are sat near to.

3. Learning Objectives For all students to:
Identify the 3 main structures of the cardiovascular system.
Identify the 4 main chambers of the heart.
List at a minimum of 4 specific structures of the heart (not including the 4 main chambers)
For students to list 4 names of blood vessels

4. Introduction
The cardiovascular system can also be called the circulatory system. This system is the major transport system in the body by which food, oxygen and all other essential products are carried to the tissue cells, and their waste products and carbon dioxide are carried away. (Barker et al, 2007)

5. The Circulatory System
The circulatory system is also known as the cardiovascular system. It consists of…
1. Blood
2. Blood Vessels
3. The Heart

6. True or false The heart helps get rid of waste products in the body
There are 8 types of blood vessels in the body
de-oxgenated blood is on the left hand side of the heart
Carbon dioxide helps the heart to beat
Different blood vessels are different sizes but have the same function

7. The Heart
The heart is the centre of the cardiovascular system. It is a hollow organ situated in the left-hand side of the chest, below the sternum, and is about the size of a closed fist. It is a muscular pump, the purpose of which is to drive blood into and through the arteries in order to deliver blood to your tissues and working muscles.

8. The Heart Cont.
The heart is surrounded by a sac known as pericardium. This is a twin-layered sac, with its cavity filled with pericardial fluid, the purpose of which is to prevent friction as your heart continually moves through beating

9. How are your ART skills?
Activity 1 Individually you have to draw the structure of the heart.

10. Worksheet

12. The Heart right atrium left atrium right left ventricle ventricle
The four chambers of the heart have special names:
An upper chamber is called an atrium (plural: atria).
right
atrium
left
atrium
right
ventricle
left
ventricle
A lower chamber is called a ventricle.

13. The Heart Here are some other important parts of the heart:
The semi-lunar valves prevent expelled blood flowing back into the heart.
The walls are made of cardiac muscle.
Bicuspid (mitral) valve
The wall dividing the left and right sides of the heart is called the septum.
Tricuspid valve
These two valves prevent blood flowing back into the atria from the ventricles.

14. New PP

15. The heart as a pump

16. The heart
Blood enters the heart through several major blood vessels. The blood moves through the chambers of the heart and is pumped out via blood vessels. The valves prevent the blood flowing the wrong way.
Blood from the body enters the right side of the heart, where it is pumped to the lungs. Blood from the lungs enters the left side of the heart, before it is pumped to the rest of the body.
blood vessels
valves
chambers
Teacher’s note:
The left and right labels on the diagram are the ‘wrong’ way around because the diagram shows the heart as you’d see it if you were looking at it within a person. The labels indicate the right and left side of the person whose heart it is.
right
left

17. What are the stages in the cardiac cycle?

18. Blood Vessels
There are 5 different types of blood vessels. Students are in 2 groups, and you have 2 minutes to come up with the answer. First group to write all 5 down and give to the teacher wins.

19. Blood Vessels There are 5 main blood vessels: Arteries Arterioles
Capillaries
Veins
Venules

20. The Major Blood Vessels
Arteries
Veins

21. Narrow central tube (lumen)
Arteries
Thick outer wall
Arteries carry blood away from the heart, and carry oxygenated blood (except pulmonary artery). Arteries have good elasticity and contractibility. They have thick muscular walls to carry blood at high speeds under high pressure
Thick inner layer of
muscle and elastic fibres
Narrow central tube (lumen)

22. Arterioles
Arterioles have thinner walls than arteries. These vessels control blood distribution by changing their diameter.
Are essentially responsible for controlling blood flow to the capillaries.

23. wall only one cell thick
Capillaries
Capillaries form an extensive network that connects arteries and vein by uniting arterioles and Venules. They are the smallest of all blood vessels and are very narrow and thin. This is essential to allow diffusion of oxygen and nutrients required by the cells of the body
wall only one cell thick

24. wide central tube (lumen)
Veins
Veins return deoxygenated blood to the heart. They have thinner walls than arteries and have a relatively large diameter. When blood finally reaches the veins, blood is flowing slowly and at a low pressure. Therefore contracting muscles push the thin walls of the veins inward to help squeeze the blood back to the heart
thin inner layer of muscle and elastic fibres
thin outer wall
wide central tube (lumen)

25. Venules
They have thinner walls than arterioles. They collect blood leaving the capillaries and transport it to the veins

26. Blood vessels artery vein
There are three types of blood vessels, as shown in this magnified part of the circulatory system.
blood from the heart
blood to the heart
artery
vein
carries blood away from
the heart
carries blood back into
the heart
There are different types of blood vessel because they perform different functions – arteries carry high pressure blood away from the heart, capillaries are small so that they can reach all of the body’s tissues and veins carry low pressure blood and therefore have valves. This is covered on the next slide.
carries blood to and from the body’s cells
Why are there different types of blood vessels?

27. Blood vessels

28. Click on this work sheet on the blog

30. How does blood go around the body?
PULMONARY CIRCULATION
CARRIES BLOOD FROM THE HEART TO THE LUNGS AND BACK AGAIN
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
CARRIES BLOOD FROM THE HEART TO THE REST OF THE BODY AND BACK AGAIN

31. The Cardiovascular system

32. The circulatory system
Deoxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs through the pulmonary artery.
Oxygenated blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary vein.
lungs
Oxygenated blood is pumped at high pressure from the heart to the body through the aorta.
Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through the vena cava.
This simple plan shows the heart and the 4 main blood vessels.
Introduce the following:
Double circulatory system = (1) PULMONARY CIRCULATION (anything pulmonary should be associated with the lungs) between the heart and the lungs and back (2) SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION between the heart and the rest of the body’s systems and back to the heart.
Introduce the idea of the heart as a double pump – the right-hand side receiving and pumping deoxygenated blood, the left-hand side receiving and pumping oxygenated blood.
ARTERIES carry blood away from the heart, VEINS carry blood to the heart.
body’s
cells

33. The double circulatory system
The pulmonary circulation carries:
deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
oxygenated blood back from the lungs to the heart, ready to be pumped out to the body.
lungs
body’s
cells
The systemic circulation carries:
oxygenated blood to the rest of the body through the arteries
deoxygenated blood back to the heart through the veins.
Point out to students that the pulmonary vein is the only vein that carries oxygenated blood/ the pulmonary artery is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood