1. Characterization Notes
Indirect and Direct Characterization
Flat and Round
Static and Dynamic

2. Process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character.
Characterization
Process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character.

3. Direct Characterization
Direct Characterization: When the narrator or another character tells us what a person is like.
Ex: Jason was a tall, broad-shouldered football player who always had a smile on his face.

4. Indirect Characterization
Indirect Characterization: shows things that reveal the personality of the character.
Ex: Jody ran up the stairs to her room, tears streaming down her face, and slammed her door loudly, hoping her mother would hear.

5. We use the STEAL method to indirectly characterize characters.

6. The S in Steal We can learn about a character by what they SAY
Ex. “I do not believe in birthdays and will not buy you a gift.”

7. The T in Steal We can learn about a character by what they THINK
Ex. Romeo dreamt of meeting Juliet and having Lord Capulet hug him.

8. The E in Steal
We can learn about a character by their EFFECT ON OTHERS
Ex. When all the girls saw John, their eyes lit up and lingered upon him.

9. The A in Steal We can learn about a character by their ACTIONS
Ex. Jonathan kicked the small dog

10. The L in Steal We can learn about a character by their LOOKS
Ex. Voldemort’s favorite color is black and he always wears it.

11. 4:41 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=blygA-gGEbw

12. Your Turn
Look for examples of both direct and indirect characterization from the following passage in “Thank You, M’am,” a short story by Langston Hughes:
She was a large woman with a large purse that had everything in it but a hammer and nails. It had a long strap, and she carried it slung across her shoulder. It was about eleven o’clock at night, and she was walking alone when a boy ran up behind her and tried to snatch her purse. The strap broke with the single tug the boy gave it from behind. But the boy’s weight and the weight of the purse combined caused him to lose his balance so, instead of taking off full blast as he had hoped, the boy fell on his back on the sidewalk, and his legs flew up. The large woman simply turned around and kicked him right square in his blue-jeaned sitter. Then she reached down, picked the boy up by his shirt front, and shook him until his teeth rattled.

13. Character Development:
Round Character—a well-developed character with varied traits, both good and bad.
Ex: Ariel, in Disney’s The Little Mermaid, has positive traits, like being loving and courageous, but she also has less flattering traits like being forgetful and disobedient. She is a well-developed character with many sides.

14. Character Development:
Flat Character—a less-developed character with one or a few traits; he/she is usually one-sided or stereotypical.
Ex: Think of dumb blonde characters in many teen movies—they are usually selfish, bossy, and mean. We never see them being nice or having problems of their own. They are one-sided and less developed.

15. Character Change:
Dynamic Character—a character that develops and changes over the course of a story due to a conflict or newfound understanding.
Ex: Scrooge is selfish and mean in the beginning of A Christmas Carol, but later becomes generous and selfless when he realizes his sins. He changes because of what happens to him in the story.

16. Character Change:
Static Character—a character who remains the same over the course of the entire story.
Ex: Cinderella’s stepmother is mean in the beginning of the fairytale and mean at the end. She never changes.

17. Here’s a trick to help you remember the definitions:
Round=Many Characteristics
Flat=Few Characteristics
Static=Same and Dynamic=Different
Your Turn:
Think back to “The Most Dangerous Game.” Who is flat and who is round? Why?
Who is static and who is dynamic? Why?