1. Character = a person, animal, or personified object in a story

2. (can be direct or indirect)
Characterization
The methods used by the author to create or reveal the characters in a story.
(can be direct or indirect)

3. Direct Characterization
The method of character development in which the author simply tells you what the character is like. For example, “Miss Alice was the nicest person you would ever want to meet,” is direct characterization.

4. Indirect Characterization
The method of characterization that is most similar to the way we learn about people in real life. Using indirect characterization, the author presents the character’s personality through what he/she says, his/her actions, or how other characters relate to him/her. You must then draw your own conclusions about the character.

5. Example of Direct or Indirect Characterization?
Read the following example of characterization. Decide whether it is an example of direct or indirect characterization.
(A) James was one of those people who was constantly angry. He looked for trouble wherever he went, and he usually found it.

6. Example of Direct or Indirect Characterization?
Stanley’s eyes blazed as he surveyed the room. The corners of his mouth pointed in a decidedly southerly direction. Carol moved aside as he stalked past her.
“Look out for Stan,” she whispered to Bart. “He’s in another one of his moods. I’d stay far away if I were you!”

7. Description A is an example of direct characterization.
The author comes right out and tells you that James was always angry, and that he was looking for a fight almost constantly.

8. Dialogue
Dialogue is a conversation between two or more people. Dialogue is usually set off by quotation marks to indicate a speaker’s exact words.

9. Description B is an example of indirect characterization.
We can tell from his angry eyes, frowning mouth and the way he walked that he is angry. We can also see that others are somewhat frightened by him by observing their reactions. Carol moves aside and warns Bart to avoid Stanley.

10. Which method is more effective in developing the character
Which method is more effective in developing the character? Why do you think so?

11. Methods of Characterization creating believable characters…
INDIRECT
DIRECT
-physical appearance
-the narrator’s direct comments about a character
-speech, thoughts, feelings, or actions of the character
-speech, thought, feelings, actions of other characters

12. Types of Characters…
Major
Minor

13. Major Character
The major (main) character in a story is like the star of a movie and is central to the action that takes place.

14. Minor character…
A minor character is one who takes part in the action but is not the focus of attention.

15. The protagonist (or main character) is the central figure in the work.
Types of Characters
The protagonist (or main character) is the central figure in the work.
The antagonist is the character or force pitted against the protagonist.

16. More types of characters…
A static character does not change through the course of the action.
A dynamic character is one who does change.

17. Don’t forget the Stock Character…
A stock character (stereotype) is one found again and again in literary works. An example of a stock character is that of the mad scientist that appears over and over in different works – such as Dr. Evil, Dr. No, or Dr. Frankenstein.

18. A round character is a complex, fully developed character.

19. Flat Character
A flat character is a one-dimensional character, typically not central to the story

20. The protagonist is usually…
The central character
A character the reader can identify with
Has a rounded personality (we hear what they say, what others say about them, we know what they think and how they feel)
A character with a dynamic personality

21. Secondary characters are usually…
Static
Flat

22. Character Motivation
A motive is a reason that explains or partially explains a character’s thoughts, feelings, actions, or speech. If the motives of a main character are not clear, then the character will not be believable.
Characters are often motivated by needs, such as food and shelter. They are also motivated by feelings, such as fear, love, and pride. Motives may be obvious or hidden.

23. Character’s Qualities or Traits
The personal traits that make up the character’s personality.