1. An Era of Social Change

2. Section 1 Latinos and Native Americans Seek Equality
Main Idea Latinos and Native Americans confronted injustices in the 1960’s Why it Matters Today Campaigns for civil rights and economic justice won better representation and opportunity for Latinos and Native Americans

3. The Latino Presence Grows
During the 1960’s, the Latino population in the U.S. grew from 3 million to more than 9 million.
Better paying jobs
Opportunity at equality
Escape oppression
Latinos of Varied Origins
Mexican Americans- Southwest
Southern California
Braceros- temporary workers
Puerto Ricans
Cubans- NY; fled because of Castro
Barrios- Spanish-speaking neighborhoods

4. Latinos Fight for Change

5. César Chávez
Prominent union leader and labor organizer. Hardened by his early experience as a migrant worker,
Civil Rights leader
Union recognition
Working rights/conditions
California Farm workers
Chavez founded the National Farm Workers Association in 1962. 
Helped fight for Latino Farmers equality
 Stressing nonviolent methods, Chavez drew attention for his causes via boycotts, marches and hunger strikes. 

6. Cultural Pride The Chicano Movement Three Goals
Collective Hispanic Identify
“not to emulate the Anglo”
Three Goals
1. restoral of land
2. rights for farm workers
Farmers/Grape workers strike
Sen. Robert F. Kennedy supported strike
3. education reforms
Bilingual education/ Latino teachers
 Mendez v. Westminster Supreme Court—was a 1947 case that prohibited segregating Latino schoolchildren from white children
U.S. Supreme Court declared it unlawful to keep students who couldn’t speak English from getting an education.
Equal Opportunity Act of 1974, which resulted in the implementation of more bilingual education programs in public schools.

8. Native Americans Struggle for Equality
Native Americans are sometimes viewed as a single homogeneous group, despite the hundreds of distinct Native American tribes and nations in the U.S.

9. Native American Disadvantages
Reservations
US Gov’t forced N.A. on reservations
Policy shifted from Reservations to Assimilation
Forced Native Americans off reservations
Business owners wanted access to “rich land”
withdrew financial assistance from 61 reservations
Unemployment
Poorest Minority group
70-80% unemployment
Education
Inadequate education
Death/Disease
Death rate 3x higher than any other group
Highest disease rate/ lack medical services
Alcoholism
High alcoholism rates

10. Native Americans Fight for Equality
Native American History
Oppression by US Government
Expansion, force into territories
Trail of Tears
Seek autonomy (control over themselves)
Govern and control their own tribes
Inequality
High unemployment rate, increasing death rate, unequal education
1961- Declaration of Indian Purpose
61 tribes meet in Chicago
Create economic/educational/health equality for Native Americans
Include Native Americans in the “war on poverty”
Until 1935, Native American people could be fined and sent to prison for practicing their traditional religious beliefs

12. Native American Movement
American Indian Movement
1972 – Trail of Broken Treaties
March on Washington
Protect treatment of Indians
Indian Education Act 1972
Tribes have greater control over their own affairs
Religious, land, governing, economy
Education
 Native Americans are citizens of their tribal nations as well as the United States
"domestic dependent nations“
Sovereign territories

13. 23.2 Women Fight for Equality
Main Idea Through protests and marches, women confronted social and economic barriers in American society. Why it Matters Today The rise of the women’s movement during the 1960’s advanced women’s place in the workforce and in society.

14. Women in Society 1950’s 1960’s “The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet”
TV showed the “expected” roles of men/women
Cooking, cleaning, taking care of the house
70% of working women held clerical positions
taking care of the house and of their children. 
1960’s
Marry, Raise a Family
Jobs: Nurses, Clerks, Teachers
Medical schools had a “quota” for allowing women
In 1962, Betty Friedan's book The Feminine Mystique
Captured the life of the “house wife” – Feminist Movement

15. A New Women’s Movement Arises
During the 1950’s, writer Betty Friedan seemed to be living the American dream.
The Feminine Mystique- addressed the “problem that has no name”. (1963)
Pursue goals and careers
feminism,
the belief the women should have economic, political, and social equality with men.

16. "telling it like it is.“
Personal Stories

17. http://www. dailymail. co

18. The Movement Experiences Gains and Losses

19. Gains and Loses National Organization for Women (NOW)
Betty Friedman
Pursue goals
Child-care facilities, ban gender discrimination hiring,
Allowed greater employment opportunities
Higher Education Act
Ban discrimination in education
Roe v Wade (1973)
Abortion – women’s right during first 3 months of pregnancy
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) (introduced first in 1923)
Men and women equal rights under the law
Draft for military…
Never passed

20. The Movement’s Legacy
Succeeded in expanding career opportunities for women.
Changing times
Stanford Graduates
1965: 70% of women planned to stay at home with children
1972: 7% planned to stay at home
% of all medical school graduates and 5 % of law school graduates were women. %
1983- Women held 13.5 % of elected state offices as well as 24 seats in the U.S. Congress

23. Culture and Counterculture 1965-1974
Main Idea The ideals and lifestyle of the counterculture challenged the traditional views of Americans. Why it Matters Today The music, art, and politics of the counterculture have left enduring marks on American society.

24. The Counterculture
Counterculture- a movement made up mostly of white, middle-class college youth who had grown disillusioned with the war in Vietnam and injustices in America during the 1960’s.
Culture that was against mainstream society
Rebelled against music, dress and behavior
“don’t trust anyone over 30”

25. Counterculture Why/How it started
Vietnam War/1950’s values, college enrollment
Rejected materialism -> personal beliefs became important
60’s – most educated generation
War abroad = war at home
“Free Speech Movement”
Students for Democratic Society
End racism, poverty and violence
WHO?
Middle Class
White/College Educated
Baby boom of 1950’s

26. GENERATION GAP Older Generation New Generation “silent generation”
Lived through the Great Depression
Listened to same old music as parents (big bang)
Valued loyalty/authority
New Generation
“Boomer Generation”
Lived through 1950’s
Listen to “Rock N’ Roll”
Activist for Peace – Antiwar
Distrust authority

28. “Sex Drugs and Rock N’ Roll
Beatles – 1964
Appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show
70 million watched the show
Music becomes the vehicle for a movement
Protest and Change
Bob Dylan, Grateful Dead, Jimi Hendrix
Art
Andy Warhol – realistic paintings of grocery items
Questions traditional art

29. Counterculture Communes – Hippie Culture or the Age of Aquarius
Rock ‘n Roll
Tie dyed t-shirts, torn jeans, military clothes, love beads
Communes –
Small communities where people share resources
“Sexual Revolution”
More open/Free compared to parents
Drugs
Routinely use drugs (LSD) “expand their minds”
Haight-Ashbury – San Francisco district (Hippie Capitol)
Timothy Leary – former Harvard Researcher
Drugs could free the mind
“tune in, turn on and drop out”

31. Culture-Music Beatles Rise of Soul Music: Supremes
Woodstock: New York Music Festival
400,00o showed up - peaceful and well
organized

32. Positive and Negatives
Positives
Plants the seeds for the “Rights Revolution”
Utopian lifestyle
More authentic way of living
Live off the land
“environmental movement”
Negatives
Drug addictions increased dramatically
Leads to death of youth and many famous musicians
Jimi Hendrix
Values decreased
People became more self centered.

33. The Conservative Response
In the late 1960’s, many believed that the country was losing its sense of right and wrong.
Richard Nixon
Conservatives attacked the counterculture