1. Seawater Chemistry

2. Solution
Solvent
Solute
Mixture

3. Dissolving power of water
Ion
Ionic bonds
Diffusion
Saturation

4. Seawater Salinity Colligative properties Trace elements
Excess volatiles

5. Forchhammer’s principle or principle of constant proportion
Determining salinity
Chlorinity
Nansen bottle
Salinometer
refractometer

6. Chemical equilibrium
Residence time
Mixing time
Conservative constituents and nonconservative constituents

7. Dissolved Gases
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide

8. Acid base Balance
Acid
Base
Buffer