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American History I - Unit 4 Mr. Sager

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1 American History I - Unit 4 Mr. Sager
Early Presidents American History I - Unit 4 Mr. Sager

2 WARM UP – MARCH 16 On a clean sheet of paper, answer these review questions: 1. What is Adams’s legacy in American history? (what 3 important things happened while he was President?) 2. What is judicial review? Which SCOTUS case established it? 3. Why is TJ’s election to the presidency called the Revolution of 1800? 4. How does TJ’s purchase of the Louisiana Territory prove TJ was a “practical politician?”

3 Jefferson’s Reelection
TJ was very popular in both political parties after the LA Purchase Dem-Reps – got more farmland Federalists – got a bigger national government and the precedent of expanded presidential power 1804 – Jefferson reelected to 2nd term

4 Foreign Troubles Brew 1806 - France and England at war… again.
Napoleon stops British goods from entering Europe England blockades France’s ports. Blockade – to block trade by preventing ships from leaving or entering ports. France turned to the US to help ship their goods to and from French colonies in the Caribbean  $$$ for US!

5 Foreign Troubles Brew British angered by France/US relations  1805 – British began seizing US ship and started the impressment of US sailors taking US sailors and forcing them to serve in the British navy.

6 EMBARGO of 1807 – ban on ALL trade
Jefferson’s Embargo TJ outraged by British impressment of US citizens. Wanted to get punish England TJ knew the British navy was more powerful than the US navy Embargo Act of 1807 – TJ banned all US trade with ALL foreign nations. Embargo – official ban on trade with other nations US trade to Europe EMBARGO of 1807 – ban on ALL trade

7 EMBARGO ACT OF 1807 IS AN EMBARGO A GOOD IDEA? WHY OR WHY NOT?

8 Actual Effects of Embargo
Jefferson’s Embargo Wanted to hurt England/France financially Neutrality GOALS of Embargo Crippled the US economy No money from exports OR imports (tariffs) Actual Effects of Embargo

9 Jefferson’s Embargo Made Jefferson unpopular
Dem. Reps – cannot make money on selling crops to other countries. Federalists – cannot make money selling manufactured goods to other countries. Cost more than actually going to war in the first place. 1809 – Embargo lifted with all countries, except England and France. Too little, too late.

10 Jefferson’s Legacy Patriot Anti-federalist 1st Secretary of State
Wrote Declaration of Independence Anti-federalist Pushed for the addition of the Bill of Rights to the Constitution 1st Secretary of State Opposed Hamilton’s Economic Plan 3rd POTUS Democratic Republican Revolution of 1800 LA Purchase Embargo

11 Election of 1808 Madison (Dem Rep) vs Pinckney (Fed)
Madison = 4th POTUS! Continues the Virginia Dynasty Another Dem Rep as POTUS Reelected to 2nd term

12 Trouble With Natives General William Henry Harrison persuaded several NA chiefs to sign away 3 million acres Tecumseh wanted the natives to RESIST! Tecumseh - Shawnee Chief An intelligent diplomat and negotiator Began negotiations with the US to leave Native land alone Began negotiations with the British for assistance in a possible war with the US

13 Battle of Tippecanoe Negotiations with the US were not successful
The Prophet Negotiations with the US were not successful Tecumseh’s brother, the Prophet, was more aggressive and fed up with the US The British supplied natives with guns to fight the US Tecumseh

14 Battle of Tippecanoe 1811 – Tecumseh was gone, the Prophet decided to attack General Harrison’s troops Battle of Tippecanoe 1811 – Tippecanoe River Shawnee Tribe vs. General Harrison’s troops Harrison defeated natives and burned the Shawnee capital Heavy US losses Harrison  national hero!

15 War Hawks Demand Action
War Hawks – a group of young congressmen from the south and west who wanted war with England John C. Calhoun, Henry Clay Angered over British impressment of US sailors AND the supply of guns to Native tribes to fight the US “On to Canada!” England owned Canada  fight British there

16 War of 1812 1812 – Madison urged Congress to declare war on England  Congress agreed Hurting US trade with impressment Instigating fights between the US and Natives (supplying guns) War of 1812 “Second American Revolution” – fighting with the British again US wanted to invade Canada No increase of navy, plus the US couldn’t beat British navy US doesn’t want to fight on their own land US doesn’t want to send troops to England

17 EXIT REVIEW - Answer these questions on the same sheet as the Warm Up:
1. Why was Thomas Jefferson so popular after the Louisiana Purchase? (List the reasons the Democratic-Republicans and Federalists were happy) 2.What was the Embargo Act of 1807? Why do you think Jefferson made this act? How did it make him unpopular? 3. Why did the United States go to war with Britain in 1812? (what were the British doing to the U.S.)

18 War of 1812 US troops unprepared and poorly trained for war
Lack of military leadership War on land British captured Detroit (US retakes 1 year later) US failed to capture Montreal Natives fought with British or US troops depending on pre-war relationships Tecumseh fought with the British

19 War of 1812 War at sea England blockaded the eastern coast of US
Experiment to test young US navy – only 16 ships 3 warships with many guns were able to take down several British ships England blockaded the eastern coast of US No exporting or importing Designed to financially hurt the US enough to surrender US industries boomed, but agriculture suffered  increased sectionalism

20 American Traditions Emerge
The Star Spangled Banner Uncle Sam Samuel Wilson, owner of a meat-packing business in NY, supplied barrels of cured meat to the army, stamping the barrels “U.S” for United States. Joke that “U.S.” stood for “Uncle Sam”  now represents American values of hard work, honesty, and patriotism US defeated British attack at Ft. McHenry, near Baltimore, MD Frances Scott Key wrote the “Star Spangled Banner” here

21 Burning of Washington DC
During the war, British troops burned and destroyed many towns along the US eastern coast August British troops marched into Washington DC and burnt the newly built Capitol Building, White House, and other buildings to the ground. British revenge for US victory at Battle of York in Canada – US burnt the governor’s mansion and legislative building.

22 Decline of the Federalist Party
Federalists in New England opposed the war Lost money during the Embargo of 1807 Frustrated with 15 years of Dem-Rep control December The Hartford Convention Federalists met to discuss grievances about the nation and the war Proposed the idea of succession (leaving) from the US and making a separate peace-deal with England Made the Federalists looked weak, considered traitors  party never recovered

23 The Hartford Convention
Northern States King of England Thomas Pickering, Federalist leader List of War of 1812 heroes

24 Treaty of Ghent US failed to invade Canada successfully
British failed to invade US successfully War was causing both nations to lose money and lives Christmas Eve 1814 – signed the Treaty of Ghent - Armistice agreement between US and England to end the War of 1812 Armistice - an agreement to end fighting

25 Battle of New Orleans January 1815 (2 weeks after the Treaty of Ghent) – Tennessee General Andrew Jackson defeated British troops and Natives in New Orleans Hundreds of British troops and Natives killed Only a few US soldiers died After the official end of the war BUT still a US victory!

26 Aftermath of the Treaty of Ghent
Didn’t address the causes of the war… tensions still existed. Impressment Trade restrictions Native American relations 1815 – US and England finally resolved trade issues and resumed trading 1817 – US and England set the US-Canadian border from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains Agreed to jointly own the Oregon Territory for 10 years

27 Effects of the War of 1812 US gains international respect
Stronger navy Able to hold off British advancements Federalist party declines Increased sectionalism Northern industry grew due to the British blockade Southern agriculture suffered Rise in nationalism and patriotism during the war Star Spangled Banner

28 Final Thoughts… America starts off with little money or confidence but though… strengthening of the federal government, expanding the nation’s size, and proving its strength during the War of 1812, the US is able to solidify itself as a permanent and tried member of the world! However… growing sectionalism in the North and the South could destroy the US from within!


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